IT Knowledge Base

WinTricks

2008-04-09T13:34:00.002+07:00

WinTricks is one of the largest and most up-to-date programs for Windows tips, tricks, and secrets available today. WinTricks includes tips/tricks for all versions of Windows, plus the Registry, Desktop, AOL, Laptop, and Internet. You will find that this program is easy to navigate and it has complete instructions on all of our Tips, Tricks, and Secrets. The newest version includes even more new tips/tricks and a new browser interface. Version 5.0a includes new browser interface, more new tips and tricks.

Download

Unable to Open Hard or USB Flash Drive ?????

2008-04-09T13:24:00.000+07:00

In some situation especially when anti-virus program has cleaned, healed, disinfected or removed a worm, trojan horse or virus from computer, there may be error happening whenever users try to open or access the drive by double clicking on the disk drive icon in Explorer or My Computer window to try to enter the drive’s folder. The problem or symptom happens in hard disk drive, portable hard disk drive or USB flash drive, and Windows will prompt a dialog box with the following message:

windows script Host

Can not find script file autorun.vbs.

Sometimes you will be asked to debug the VBScript with error code of 800A041F - Unexpected ‘Next’.
or

Choose the program you want to use to open this file with:

In this case, the “Always use the selected program to open this kind of file” option is grayed out.
The symptom occurs because when autorun.vbs is created by trojan horse or virus. The virus normally loads autorun.inf file to root folder of all hard drive or USB drive, and then execute autorun.bat file which contains script to apply and merge autorun.reg into the registry, with possible change to the following registry key to ensure that virus is loaded when system starts:
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon]
Userinit=userinit.exe,autorun.exe
Finally, autorun.bat will call wscript.exe to run autorun.vbs.
When antivirus or security software detected the autorun.vbs file as infected, the file will be deleted or removed or quarantined. However, other files (autorun.*） and registry value still referring to autorun.vbs, and this document no longer exists, hence the error when users double click to open a drive folder.
To correct and solve this error, follow this steps:
Run Task Manager (Ctrl-Alt-Del or right click on Taskbar)
Stop wscript.exe process if available by highlighting the process name and clicking End Process.
Then terminate explorer.exe process.
In Task Manager, click on File -> New Task (Run…).
Type “cmd” (without quotes) into the Open text box and click OK.
Type the following command one by one followed by hitting Enter key: del c:\autorun.* /f /s /q /a
del d:\autorun.* /f /s /q /a
del e:\autorun.* /f /s /q /a
c, d, e each represents drive letters on Windows system. If there are more drives or partitions available, continue to command by altering to other drive letter. Note that you must also clean the autorun files from USB fllash drive or portable hard disk as the external drive may also be infected.
In Task Manager, click on File -> New Task (Run…).
Type “regedit” (without quotes) into the Open text box and click OK.
Navigate to the following registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon
Check if the value name and value data for the key is correct (the value data of userint.exe include the path which may be different than C drive, which is also valid, note also the comma which is also needed): “Userinit”=”C:\WINDOWS\system32\userinit.exe,”
If the value is incorrent, modify it to the valid value data

Portable Apps for your USB Stick

2008-04-09T11:26:00.004+07:00

What is a portable program ?

A portable program is a piece of software that you can carry around with you on a portable device and use on any other computer. It can be your email program, your browser, system recovery tools or even an operating system. The coolest part about it, is that all of your data and settings are always stored on a thumbdrive so when you unplug the device, none of your personal data is left behind.

Portable Office Software

Abiword (6.3 mb) - word processor (compatible with Microsoft word)
OpenOffice (65 mb) - free alternative to Microsoft Office (fully compatible with Ms Office docs)
PDF Viewers: Sumatra (1.1 mb) , Foxit PDF Reader (1.8 mb)

Portable Email Programs

Mozilla ThunderBird (6 mb) - very good email client (built-in address book, import/export, tons of addons)
Quick Mailer [20kb] - tiny program for sending quick e-mail messages

Portable Text and Voice Messengers

All-in-One (Yahoo, MSN, ICQ, etc.): Gaim [6.9 mb], Miranda IM [1.2 mb], Trillian [Win]
Skype - exlpains how to make skype portable

Portable Media Tools (Audio / Video)

Audacity (2.4 mb) - simple audio editor and recorder

VLC (9.3 mb) - powerful media player that plays almost all popular audio and video formats

K-Lite Mega Codec Pack with Media Player - another powerful media player for playing all conceivable formats

Portable Graphics Viewers and Image Editors

GIMP (8.6 mb) - free alternative to Photoshop

IrfanView [1013kb] - fast graphic viewer with basic image editing features

XNView [Win, Mac, Linux] - image viewer and converter (supports more then 400 image formats)

Portable Browsers and Internet Tools (FTP, Torrent Clients…)

Firefox (5.8 mb)

Opera

FTP Clients: Filezilla [2.3 mb], FireFTP [0.1mb]

TrayURL - bookmark manager

uTorrent - popular torrent downloader

Portable Security Software

Antivirus: ClamWin [5.9mb], Dr.Web CureIt [5.5 mb]
Keepass Password [1mb] - securely store and manage your passwords
Omziff [0.5mb] - lets you encrypt/decrypt a file, using secure encryption algorithms. Also includes a password generator, file shredder, file splitter and some more tools.
LockNote - simple text file that lets you store sensitive info with 256bit password encryption.
RoboFor2Go - secure password manager and form filler
Smart Sniff [57kb] - lets you inspect network traffic that passes via your network adapter.

Portable Games

Sudoku - popular puzzle game
Bricks2000 - popular tetris clone
Logix - something similar to minesweeper
Gem Drop - fast-paced puzzle game
GeneRally - 2D racing game
Nagaskaki - chess game
NarkoMania - cool minesweeper clone
NeverBall - part puzzle, part action game

Other Portable Utilities

7Zip [1.1 mb] - file archiver and compressor, supports 7z, ZIP, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, RAR and more
Registry Tweaker [1.52mb] - registry tweaking tool
Restoration [229kb] - handy program for recovering deleted (or formatted) files
YamiPod - powerful iPod manager (copy mp3/AAC files to and from your iPod, import/export playlists, search for songs, remove duplicates,..). More iPod tools
Drive Manager [1191 kb] - quick summary for each local and removable drive.
PStart - lets you organize and create menu-like list for quicker access to your portable programs.
SyncPAppX - script that syncs preferences between portable and local applications.
RQ Money - handy utlity to manage your credits and debts
SIW - a system analysis tool that tells you almost everything you need to know about a computer, i.e. hardware, configuration settings, etc.
WinAudit - one more analysis tool
Convert [155 kb] - fast metric unit conversion tool (distance, temperature, volume, time, speed, mass…)
UK Calender [321kb] - straightforward calendar with ToDo and reminders
CPU-Z - provides detailed info about your processor and other components
Country Codes [1358 kb] - a small database of country codes and additional information for all countries.
TreePad Lite [866kb] - personal database program, lets you store all your notes, emails, bookmarks, etc. into one well-structured file
StartupList [158 kb] - displays all items that are in any way related to your computer startup and are executed without any user interactions
eTextReader [279kb] - read plain text files provided by Project Gutenberg in a book-like manner.
Index Your Files [640kb] - provides an easy way to create index databases (of specified folders and drives) for quick file/term search
RockXP [768kb] - handy utility for retrieving Win XP’s product key
WhoisThisDomain [42kb] - view owner and registration info for any domain name

Portable Developer Tools (Techies Only)

Nvu (7.3 mb) - easy-to-use webpage editor. Simpler alternative to Dreamweaver and Microsft Frontpage
Server2Go - apache webserver (no configurations needed)
InstantRails[60mb] - contains Ruby, Rails, Apache, and MySQL, all preconfigured and ready to run.
Putty [0.9 mb] - lightweight telnet and SSH client
Follow-Me IP - displays your external IP address
XAMPP [25/17 mb] - integrated server package of Apache, mySQL, PHP and Perl. Just Unzip and Run
HTTP File Server - simple and easy-to-use file server for personal file sharing.
CurrPorts [46kb]- lets you view a list of ports that are currently in use, along with applications that use them
Hamachi
FTP Servers: Quick’n Easy FTP Server [355kb],

All-In-One Packages

PortableApps Suite [89.5mb] - includes 7 programs for essential needs (office, email, IM client, etc.) + cool Startup manager and backup utility

Portable Operating Systems (’HowTo’ Articles)

Mac OS Classic 7
Portable Linux: Knoppix, Ubuntu
Win XP

USB ThumDrive Tips

How to create a bootable USB key
Never Forget your USB Stick
QuickLaunch your USB workspace

That’s mainly it… In case you’re looking for something that wasn’t mentioned above, there are a couple of resources you may want to check out.

These are Portablefreeware.com and Tinyapps.org

Uninstall Symantec Norton Antivirus Client without Password

2008-04-09T11:19:00.001+07:00

Norton AntiVirus Clients or Symantec AntiVirus Clients especially Corporate Edition Clients can be installed as managed network setup type by a Symantec AntiVirus Server. When a Symantec AntiVirus Client is managed, it will prompt for password when uninstalling client via local computer Control Panel Add or Remove Program applet. If you don’t know or forget the password, then the client is not able to uninstall or remove. And the SAV client uninstall password won’t work with server group password too, as if you enter that password, you will receive an invalid password message.

The client uninstallation password is different from the server group password, and it can be set by the administrator through the Symantec System Center for the client that is managed. If the client uninstallation password has not been set or changed specifically, it will still be the default password. Thus, first thing to try in order to successfully uninstall a Symantec Client Security program is by using the default password for the uninstalling clients, which is symantec.

In the cases where Symantec AntiVirus server has been taken down and no longer exist, or the client computer has no access to company network, or the default client uninstall password does not work, the following hack will enable you to remove Symantec Antivirus without using a password:

Open Registry Editor (regedit).

Navigate to the following registry key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\INTEL\LANDesk\VirusProtect6\CurrentVersion\Administrator Only\Security\
Change the value for useVPuninstallpassword key from 1 to 0.
Exit Registry Editor and now you can uninstall Symantec AntiVirus Client.
The trick should work on most version of Symantec AntiVirus client or Norton AntiVirus Client, including version 7, 8, 9 or 10.

TIPS AND TRICKS-PC RUNNING SLOW

2008-04-05T09:53:00.002+07:00

Is your PC running slow?

Here are step-by-step instructions for a few things you can do yourself.

· Shutdown PC

· Remove temporary Internet files

· Cookies?

· Defragment

1. Remove temporary Internet files

From Internet Explorer Select Tools (at the top of your screen) then Internet Options Click on the Delete Files button. (You can also delete cookies here but wait for the next step if you aren't sure.)

2. Cookies

Cookies aren't all bad. They store your use rids and passwords and help sites identify you. If you delete all of your cookies you may have to enter your use rid and password again when you go back to a Web Site. Cookies don't generally store any secure information. You can view and delete cookies. From Internet Explorer Select Tools then Internet Options click on the Delete Cookies button. Or, copy and paste (or type) this location in the address bar at the top of your screen. You will see all of your cookies and can selectively delete the cookies you don't want stored on your PC. c:\windows\cookies Use the BACK ARROW in your Browser to get back to this page. More Cookies More cookies may be stored in your temporary files. Copy and paste (or type) this location in the address bar. c:\Windows\Temporary Internet Files Since we just cleaned out all of the temporary files the only files we see right now are dated today so we're not deleting these cookies

3. Get rid of PC Junk

Delete the temporary files from your PC. Look for a directory named TEMP. It's usually in c:\temp. You can go to "Run" and type in %temp% and it will bring up the temp files to erase. Click Start Run %temp%Hit "select all" and then delete. You can usually safely delete all of the files but don't delete any system folders. If it says "this is a system folder" don't delete it. Hit "select all" and then delete. You can usually safely delete all of the files but don't delete any system folders. If it says "this is a system folder" don't delete it. Note: You can do this right now while you are reading. Use the BACK ARROW in your Browser to get back to this page.

4. Get Rid of adware and Spyware

Use a good adware/spyware tool to find and delete infection.For example; Spybot Search and destroy, Adware se.

adware. Spyware gets downloaded without you knowing it and it tracks your keystrokes. Adware is attached to some programs that you download. It's the thing that gives you all of the popups. The Yahoo Toolbar with Anti-Spy is available as a Yahoo free download.

Download Google Toolbar Prefer Google? The Google toolbar eliminates annoying pop-up ads. Download Google Toolbar

5. Defragment

Reorganizing Your Hard Disk to Improve Speed System running slow? Time to do a defrag. Over time as you write to your hard disk the data gets fragmented, broken into separate pieces. You can optimize your hard drive by defragmenting. It may take an hour or more to run if you haven't defragmented your drive in a while. If the defrag takes a long time (more than an hour) that's a good thing. It means your PC needed to be defragmented. This is where you can really speed up your PC. A fragmented drive runs slow. We usually Defrag every few days. You might need it more often or less depending on how much you use your PC. Close or quit all other programs before running the defrag. Click Start->Programs->Accessories->System Tools->Disk Defragmenter Or... Double-click on your desktop MyComputer. Right-click on the C: Right-click on Properties Select the Tools tab Defragment Now... Now you can select Defragment Now.... We usually check both boxes Rearrange and Check drive for errors.

Defragment never finishes?

If the Disk Defragment just hangs with 0% finished then you need to run it in Safe Mode. Hold down the Ctrl key while restarting. Release the Ctrl key when it says it's running in Safe Mode. Now try to run the Disk Defragmenter. It might work.

Why is My Computer Slow?

Slowdown culprits can include screen savers and custom cursors. Both can interfere with your system performance. Don't forget to shut your PC down every once in while. It will clean itself during the shutdown. Another step that will make your PC run faster is defragmenting your hard drive when it needs it.

How to remove WGA Notification

2008-03-25T10:10:00.005+07:00

Click the download link below to download:

Download

RemoveWGA description

A small utility that enables you to remove the Microsoft Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications tool

RemoveWGA will enable you to easily remove the Microsoft "Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications" tool, which is calling home and connect to MS servers every time you boot. Futures updates of this notification tool will (officialy) setup the connection rate to once every two weeks.

Once the WGA Notification tool has checked your OS and has confirmed you had a legit copy, there is no decent point or reason to check it again and again every boot.

Moreover, connecting to Microsoft brings security issue for corporate networks, and privacy issues for everyone. It is also unclear which information are transmitted (Microsoft published an official answer, but an individual study brought some questions).

All of that, along the fact that Microsoft used deceptive ways to make you install this tool (it was told you it was an urgent security update, whereas it is a new installation giving you no extra security) makes me calling this tool a spyware.

Also, Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications is different than Windows Genuine Advantage Validation. RemoveWGA only removes the notification part, phoning home, and does not touch the Validation part.

Here are some key features of "RemoveWGA":

· Tell you if the WGA notification tool is active on your system
· Allows you to remove the WGA notification tool from your system
· Accept the "-silent" command line parameter to silently check if the WGA notification tool is active on your system, and popup only if it is found (usefull for checking automatically at startup for instance)

Note: Some antivirus and antispyware programs flag RemoveWGA as being infected/malware, although the application is perfectly safe and does not pose a threat to your system. This is called a 'false positive'. The term false positive is used when antivirus software wrongly classifies an innocuous ( inoffensive ) file as a virus. The incorrect detection may be due to heuristics or to an incorrect virus signature in a database. [Similar problems can occur with antitrojan or antispyware software.]

Now, Any Business Can Tap 53 Million Facebook Users (For Free)

2008-03-21T13:44:00.001+07:00

First off, if you have not yet heard of Facebook, thanks for exiting your cave. I'd like to heartily welcome you to the Internet. I think you'll like it here. :)

But seriously, here are some quick stats on Facebook which should be of interest to businesses:

1. More than 53 million active users

2. An average of 250,000 new users join every day.

3. About 34% of users work as professionals, sales, executives, educators or are in technical careers.

4. The fastest growing demographic on Facebook consists of users 25 and older.

Though Facebook started in the student demographic, it's quickly growing out of it. So, my guess is that if you have a product or service offering, chances are that at least a few of those 53 million active users (which spend about 20 minutes a day on the site) are prospective customers of your business. The question is, what do you do about it?

Until recently, only big businesses with big marketing budgets could setup a Facebook account for their companies and/or brands. Examples included Verizon, Walmart, Victoria's Secret and other well known companies. For these brands, Facebook users could become "fans" by adding the brand as a friend (much like they would add a person as a friend). This was pretty cool, but pretty expensive for those companies that wanted to tap into this feature.

Now, any business can create a Facebook profile, or business page, which any Facebook user can become a "fan" of. You no longer have to be a Fortune 500 company to afford this. It's free.

Here's how to do it:

Creating A Facebook Business Page

1. Visit this URL: http://www.facebook.com/pages/create.php

2. Decide what the best category is for your business. (Spend a couple of minutes on this as you can't change it later easily).

3. Enter your business/product/brand name and click "Create Page".

4. At a minimum, I'd suggest entering a short description of your business and a website address. This is in the "Add Information To This Page" area. I'd also advise uploading your logo as a photo/image.

5. Click on your business name in the top left corner (it's a hyperlink) and then click "publish this page" (until you do this, nobody but you will be able to see your new Facebook business profile).

6. Finally, and this is important, from your new profile page, click "Add to my products". This way, you become the first "fan" of your business.

Now comes the fun part. Once you've become a "fan" of your business, your friends on Facebook (some of which are likely customers) will see a message in their home page. Something like "Dharmesh Shah is a fan of HubSpot". Hopefuly, some of your Facebook friends will befriend your business. Then, their friends will see a message, and so it goes…

If you want to see a sample Facebook business page, you can check out HubSpot on Facebook . In fact, you can even add HubSpot as a friend (once you visit the page, click on the "Add Product" link in the right column. There are two benefits to becoming a friend of HubSpot: One, you'll feel a positive glow of good karma. Two, you'll have my attention, and my gratitude.

8 Free Links to Promote a Blog

2008-03-21T13:39:00.002+07:00

Do you have a new blog? Want to get 8 free links to your blog? Here is a list of free links in blog directories that you can get for your blog, along with the Page Rank of the blog directory (read this article to learn more about Page Rank: The Importance of Google PageRank: A Guide For Small Business Executives).

So far, none of these links have driven a ton of traffic, however, more inbound links do help you a lot in terms of search engine optimization (read this article to learn more about linkbuilding: Executive Summary: Linkbuilding and SEO for the Internet Marketing Neophyte).

We have submitted our own blog to each of these blog directories and can confirm that they are quality links from reputable sources, and they are all free and do not require a reciprocal link.

8 Quality Blog Directories with Free, No-Reciprocal Links

Blog Directory:

Blogarama

Globe of Blogs

Bloggapedia

BlogFlux

SuperBlog Directory

Bloggernity

Blog Listing

Bloggio

Some more SHARED best freeware applications!

2008-03-21T13:24:00.001+07:00

Some more

3D Graphics:

Anim8or - http://www.anim8or.com/
Blender - http://www.blender3d.org/
gmax - http://www.discreet.com/products/gmax/
Maya Personal Learning Ed. - http://www.alias.com/eng/products-s...ple/index.shtml
Now3D - http://digilander.libero.it/giulios/Eng/homepage.htm
SOFTIMAGEXSI EXP - http://www.softimage.com/products/exp/v3/

Anti-Virus:

AntiVir - http://www.free-av.com/
Avast - http://www.avast.com/i_idt_1018.html
AVG - http://www.grisoft.com/

Anti Spyware:

Ad-aware - http://www.lavasoft.de/software/adaware/
CWShredder - http://www.download.com/CWShredder/...4-10301586.html
Diet K - http://www.dietk.com/
HiJackThis - http://www.spychecker.com/program/hijackthis.html
SpyBot Search & Destroy - http://spybot.safer-networking.de/
SpywareBlaster - http://www.javacoolsoftware.com/spywareblaster.html
SpywareGuard - http://www.wilderssecurity.net/spywareguard.html

IRC Clients:

BersIRC - http://www.bersirc.com/
BitchX - http://bitchx.org/download.php
HydraIRC - http://www.hydrairc.com/
TinyIRC - http://www.tinyirc.net/
XChat - http://www.xchat.org/

Audio Players:

1by1 - http://www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~pesch
Foobar 2000 - http://www.foobar2000.org/
iTunes - http://www.apple.com/itunes/
Jet Audio Basic - http://www.jetaudio.com/
Musik - http://musik.berlios.de/
QCD Player - http://www.quinnware.com/
Sonique - http://sonique.lycos.com/
Winamp - http://www.winamp.com/

Audio Tools:

Audacity - http://audacity.sourceforge.net/
CDex - http://cdexos.sourceforge.net/
dBpowerAMP Music Converter - http://www.dbpoweramp.com/dmc.htm
EAC - http://www.exactaudiocopy.de/
Encounter 2003 - http://www.waschbusch.com/
GermaniXEncoder - http://www.germanixsoft.de/
K-MP3 - http://www.katarncorp.com/
KraMixer - http://www.kramware.com/
ModPlug Tracker http://www.modplug.com/
MP3 Book Helper - http://mp3bookhelper.sourceforge.net/
MP3 Tag - http://www.mp3tag.de/
mp3DirectCut - http://www.rz.uni-frankfurt.de/~pesch/
MP3Gain - http://www.geocities.com/mp3gain/
mp3Trim - http://www.logiccell.com/~mp3trim/
MusicBrainz - http://musicbrainz.org/
Rarewares - http://rarewares.hydrogenaudio.org/
SoundEngine Free - http://www.cycleof5th.com/en/index.htm
TagScanner - http://xdev.narod.ru/tagscan_e.htm
The GodFather - http://users.otenet.gr/~jtcliper/tgf/

CD/DVD Burning:

Burn4Free - http://www.burn4free.com/
Burnatonce - http://www.burnatonce.com/
CDBurnerXP - http://hem.bredband.net/cdburnerxp/
CDRDAO - http://cdrdao.sourceforge.net/
CDR Tools Frontend - http://demosten.com/cdrfe/
Deepburner - http://www.deepburner.com/
DVD Decrypter: http://www.dvddecrypter.com/
Easy Burning, DropCD & Audio CD - http://www.paehl.de/cdr

Compression / Decompression:

7-zip - http://www.7-zip.org/
bzip2 - http://sources.redhat.com/bzip2/index.html
FilZip - http://www.filzip.com/
IZArc - http://www.florida.plus.com/izarc/
QuickZip - http://www.quickzip.org/
TUGZip - http://www.tugzip.com/
UltimateZIP - http://www.ultimatezip.com/
UPX - http://upx.sourceforge.net/
Zip&Go - http://www.handybits.com/zipngo.htm
Zipgenius - http://www.zipgenius.it/

Defrag Software:

DIRMS & Buzzsaw - http://www.dirms.com/
OpenVMS - http://www.execsoft.com/freeware/freeware.asp

Desktop Enhancements:

CursorXP - http://www.stardock.com/products/cursorxp/download.html
MobyDock - http://www.mobydock.com/
tclock2 - http://home.inreach.com/2tone/tclock2/tclock2.htm

Download managers:

Fresh Download - http://www.freshdevices.com/freshdown.html
LeechGet - http://www.leechget.net/en/
Net Transport - http://lycos26486.l78.lycos.com.cn/default.htm
Star Downloader - http://www.stardownloader.com/downloads.php
wackget - http://millweed.com/projects/wackget/
wget - http://xoomer.virgilio.it/hherold/

Encryption and data security:

Axcrypt - http://axcrypt.sourceforge.net/
Blowfish Advanced CS- http://web.bsn.ch/lasse/bfacs.htm
Eraser - http://www.heidi.ie/eraser/default.php
File Shredder - http://www.sys-shield.com/fileshredder.htm
GnuPG - http://www.gnupg.org/
PGP Freeware - http://www.pgp.com/products/freeware.html
WindowsCleaner - http://www.winnowsoft.com/internet-eraser.htm

File Managers:

2xExplorer - http://netez.com/2xExplorer/
A43 - http://www.shawneelink.net/~bgmiller/
Gyula's Navigator - http://www.wanari.com/
JExplorer - http://home.megapass.co.kr/~woosjung/
MeeSoft Commander - http://meesoft.logicnet.dk/

File repair and recovery:

PC Inspector File Recovery - http://www.pcinspector.de/file_recovery/UK/welcome.htm

Firewalls:

Kerio (Kerio Personal Firewall is FREE for home and personal use) - http://www.kerio.com/kpf_home.html
Outpost Firewall (version 1 is free) - http://www.agnitum.com/download/outpost1.html
Sygate (FREE for personal use) - http://smb.sygate.com/products/spf_standard.htm
Zonealarm Basic firewall - http://www.zonelabs.com/store/conte...reeDownload.jsp

FTP Clients:

Filezilla! - http://sourceforge.net/projects/filezilla
SmartFTP - http://www.smartftp.com/

FTP Servers:

FileZilla - http://filezilla.sourceforge.net/
GuildFTPD - http://www.totalshareware.com/asp/d...pplication=8334
Quick 'n Easy FTP Server - http://www.pablovandermeer.nl/ftp_server.html
SlimFTPd - http://www.whitsoftdev.com/slimftpd
WarFTPD - http://www.jgaa.com/

HTML Editors:

1st page 2000 - http://www.evrsoft.com/download.shtml
AceHTML - http://freeware.acehtml.com/download.html
Aracnophilia - http://www.arachnoid.com/arachnophilia/
HTML-Kit - http://www.chami.com/html-kit/
Selida - http://www.amaryllis.8m.com/
Trellian webPAGE - http://webpage.vendercom.com/
TSW WebCoder - http://www.tsware.net/

Image viewers:

Ahaview - http://www.aha-soft.com/ahaview/ahaviewfree.exe
Irfanview - http://www.irfanview.com/
SlowView - http://www.slowview.at/
XNView - http://www.xnview.com/

Instant Messenger:

Gaim - http://gaim.sourceforge.net/
Miranda IM - http://www.miranda-im.org/
Rhymbox - http://www.rhymbox.com/
PSI - http://psi.affinix.com/
Trillian Basic - http://trillian.cc/downloads

Internet Explorer Front-Ends:

Avantbrowser - http://www.avantbrowser.com/
MyIE2 - http://www.myie2.com/
SlimBrowser - http://www.flashpeak.com/sbrowser/sbrowser.htm

Mail programs:

i.Scribe - http://www.memecode.com/
Mahogany Mail - http://mahogany.sourceforge.net/
Pegasus Mail - http://www.pmail.com/
Thunderbird - http://www.mozilla.org/projects/thunderbird/

Anti-spam programs:

K9 - http://www.keir.net/k9.html
MailWasher- http://www.mailwasher.net/
POPFile - http://popfile.sourceforge.net/
SpamBayes - http://spambayes.sourceforge.net/

Network Tools:

CMDTime NTP Utility - http://www.softshape.com/download/
Ethereal Protocol Analyzer - http://www.ethereal.com/
NMap - http://www.insecure.org/nmap/
Ntop - http://www.ntop.org
PingPlotter - http://www.pingplotter.com
PuTTY - http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty
RAS Graph & Stats - http://forum.flashfxp.com/showthrea...=&threadid=2400
RealVNC - http://www.realvnc.com/
TightVNC - http://www.tightvnc.org/
UltraVNC - http://ultravnc.sourceforge.net/
WinSCP - http://www.winscp.com/

Office Suite:

602PC Suite free edition - http://www.software602.com/products/pcs/download.html
AbiWord - http://www.abiword.com/
Open Office - http://www.openoffice.org/

Partition Managers:

Partition Resizer - http://zeleps.com/
Ranish Partition Manager - http://www.ranish.com/part/
TestDisk - http://www.cgsecurity.org/index.html?testdisk.html

PDF Utilities:

Free PDF - http://www.webxd.com/zipguy/frpdfdl.htm
Ghostscript/GSView - http://www.ghostscript.com/
PDF 995 - http://www.pdf995.com/
PDFCreator - http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdfcreator/

Photo manipulation and image design:

ColorPic - http://www.iconico.com/colorpic/
Pixia - http://www.ab.wakwak.com/~knight/
Sodiodi - http://www.sodipodi.com/
The Gimp - http://www.gimp.org/
Tuxpaint - http://www.newbreedsoftware.com/tuxpaint

Programming:

ActivePerl - http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl
Dev C++ - http://www.bloodshed.net/
Dev Pascal - http://www.bloodshed.net/
Eclipse - http://www.eclipse.org/
Freepascal - http://www.freepascal.org/
jEdit - http://www.jedit.org/
PHP Hypertext Parser - http://www.php.net/
Python - http://www.python.org/
Ruby - http://www.dm4lab.to/~usa/ruby/index_en.html
SharpDevelop - http://www.icsharpcode.net/opensource/sd/

Pop-up Blockers:

Google Toolbar - http://www.google.com/
NoAds - http://www.southbaypc.com/NoAds/
PopUp Stopper - http://www.panicware.com/product_psfree.html
Privoxy - http://www.privoxy.org/
Proxomitron - http://www.proxomitron.info/

System Information and monitoring:

AIDA32 - http://www.aida32.hu/
CPU-Z - http://www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php
Gkrellm - http://bill.nalens.com/
Motherboard monitor - http://www.majorgeeks.com/download.php?det=311
WCPUID - http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA00...c/download.html

Video codes :

DivX Codec - http://www.divx.com/divx/?src=topta...from_/index.php
FFDSHOW - http://sourceforge.net/projects/ffdshow
Kazaa Lite Codec Pack - http://www.k-litecodecpack.com/
Nimo Codec Pack - http://www.divx-digest.com/software/nimo_pack.html
Quicktime Alternative - http://www.k-litecodecpack.com/
Real Player Alternative - http://www.k-litecodecpack.com/

Video players :

BsPlayer - http://www.bsplayer.org/
Cygwin MPlayer - http://armory.nicewarrior.org/projects/cygmp/
MaximusDVD - http://www.maximusdvd.com/
Media Player Classic - http://sourceforge.net/project/show...?group_id=82303
VideoLan - http://www.videolan.org/

Video tools:

DVD Shrink - http://www.dvdshrink.org/
DScaler - http://deinterlace.sourceforge.net/
FlasKMPEG - http://www.flaskmpeg.net
GSpot - http://www.headbands.com/gspot/
VirtualDub - http://www.virtualdub.org/
VirtualDubMod - http://sourceforge.net/project/show...?group_id=65889
xviD - http://www.roeder.goe.net/~koepi/xvid.shtml
Zwei-Stein Video Editor - http://www.thugsatbay.com/software/index.html

Web browsers:

Firefox - http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/
Internet Explorer - http://www.Mcft.com/ie
K-Meleon - http://kmeleon.sourceforge.net/
Mozilla - http://www.mozilla.org/
Netscape - http://channels.netscape.com/ns/browsers/default.jsp

Web servers:

Abyss - http://abyss.sourceforge.net/
Aprelium Abyss - http://www.aprelium.com/
Apache - http://httpd.apache.org/
CIS WebServer - http://webserver.cisindia.net
Sambar - http://www.sambar.com/
Savant - http://savant.sourceforge.net/
TinyWeb - http://www.ritlabs.com/tinyweb/index.html

Webcam Software:

booruWebCam - http://www.booru.net/
Pryme - http://www.hilo.dk/pryme/

Checksum Utilities:

fsum - http://www.slavasoft.com/fsum/
hksfv - http://www.big-o-software.com/products/hksfv/
md5sum - http://www.etree.org/md5com.html
md5summer - http://www.md5summer.org/

General Utilities And Other Applications:

AnalogX - http://www.analogx.com/
AppRocket - http://www.candylabs.com/approcket/
Celestia - http://www.shatters.net/celestia
Cygwin - http://www.cygwin.com
Dirkey - http://www.protonfx.com/dirkey/
EditPad Lite - http://www.editpadpro.com/editpadlite.html
Inno Setup - http://www.jrsoftware.org/isinfo.php
Memtest-86 - http://www.memtest86.com
MWSnap - http://www.mirekw.com/winfreeware/mwsnap.html
NetTime - http://nettime.sourceforge.net
Nullsoft Installer - http://www.nullsoft.com/free/nsis
Peerguardian - http://xs.tech.nu/
QuickSFV - http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Mouse/4668/
png2ico - http://winterdrache.de/freeware/png2ico
Stickies - http://finiteloop.org/~btaylor/software/stickies/
Sysinternals - http://www.sysinternals.com/
TClockEx - http://www.rcis.co.za/dale/tclockex/index.htm
Vim - http://vim.sourceforge.net

SHARED best freeware applications!

2008-03-21T13:04:00.001+07:00

Antivirus:

AVG - http://www.grisoft.com/us/us_index.php
Avast - http://www.avast.com/
AntiVir - http://www.free-av.com/
Panda ActiveScan - http://www.pandasoftware.com/activescan

Audio Players:

Foobar2000 - http://www.foobar2000.org/
Sonique - http://sonique.lycos.com/
iTunes - http://www.apple.com/itunes/
jetAudio - http://www.jetaudio.com/
QCD - http://www.quinnware.com/
Winamp - http://www.winamp.com/

Audio Utilities:

CDex - http://cdexos.sourceforge.net/
dbPowerAMP Music Converter - http://www.dbpoweramp.com/dmc.htm

CD Recording:

ASPI Drivers - http://www.adaptec.com/worldwide/su...oduct/ASPI-4.70
CD/DVD Burner XP - http://www.cdburnerxp.se/
Burn 4 Free - http://www.burn4free.com/

CD Utilities:

Daemon Tools - http://www.daemon-tools.cc/dtcc/portal/portal.php

Download Managers:

WackGet - http://millweed.com/projects/wackget/
LeechGet - http://www.leechget.net/en/
wget for Windows - http://xoomer.virgilio.it/hherold/

Encryption:

PGP Freeware Edition - http://www.pgp.com/products/freeware.html
Axcrypt - http://axcrypt.sourceforge.net/
GnuPG - http://www.gnupg.org/

Firewall:

ZoneAlarm - http://www.zonelabs.com/
Sygate Personal Firewall - http://smb.sygate.com/products/spf_standard.htm
Kerio Personal Firewall - http://www.kerio.com/kpf_home.html
Outpost - http://www.agnitum.com/download/outpost1.html

GUI Utilities:

Tclock - http://homepage1.nifty.com/kazubon/tclock/index.html
IconPhile - http://www.virtualplastic.net/scrow/iphile.html
PowerMenu - http://www.veridicus.com/tummy/programming/powermenu/
Glass2k - http://www.chime.tv/products/glass2k.shtml
D-Color XP - http://dliboon.freeshell.org/products/dcolor/index.php
CursorXP - http://www.stardock.com/products/cursorxp/download.html
MobyDock - http://www.mobydock.com/
Samurize - http://www.samurize.com/

Image Viewers:

IrfanView - http://www.irfanview.com/
iBrowser - http://ibrowser.fcodersoft.com/
AhaView - http://www.aha-soft.com/ahaview/free.htm

Instant Messaging:

Miranda IM - http://www.miranda-im.org/
Gaim - http://gaim.sourceforge.net/
Trillian - http://www.ceruleanstudios.com/downloads/
Yahoo Instant Messenger - http://messenger.yahoo.com/
MSN Messenger - http://messenger.msn.com/
AOL Instant Messenger - http://www.aim.com/
ICQ - http://www.icq.com
Jabber - http://www.jabber.org/

Networking:

Putty Telnet/SSH Client - http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
IP Tools - http://www.ks-soft.net/ip-tools.eng/
Ethereal Protocol Analyzer - http://www.ethereal.com/
HyperTerminal Private Edition - http://www.hilgraeve.com/htpe/download.html
RealVNC - http://www.realvnc.com/
Nmap - http://www.insecure.org/nmap/

Programming:

ActivePerl - http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePerl/
jEdit - http://www.jedit.org/
Dev-C++ - http://www.bloodshed.net/
MySQL - http://www.mysql.com
SciTE - http://www.scintilla.org/SciTE.html

Publication/Document Manipulation:

OpenOffice.org - http://download.openoffice.org/index.html
AbiWord - http://www.abisource.com/download/

Spyware Protection:

Ad-Aware - http://www.lavasoft.de/software/adaware/
Spybot: Search & Destroy - http://spybot.safer-networking.de/
CWShredder - http://www.spywareinfo.com/~merijn/downloads.html
Hijack This - http://www.spywareinfo.com/~merijn/downloads.html
IE-SPYAD - http://www.staff.uiuc.edu/~ehowes/resource.htm#IESPYAD
SpywareBlaster - http://www.javacoolsoftware.com

System Utilities:

BootVis - http://www.majorgeeks.com/download.php?det=664
Resource Hacker - http://www.users.on.net/~johnson/resourcehacker/
PC Inspector File Recovery - http://www.pcinspector.de/file_recovery/UK/welcome.htm
Motherboard Monitor - http://mbm.livewiredev.com/
Sysinternals Utilities - http://www.sysinternals.com/ntw2k/utilities.shtml
WCPUID - http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA00...c/download.html

Video Players:

BSPlayer - http://www.bsplayer.org/
Core Media Player - http://www.tcmp.org/
Media Player Classic - http://sourceforge.net/project/show...?group_id=82303
VideoLAN - http://www.videolan.org/
Zoom Player - http://www.inmatrix.com/files/zoomplayer_download.shtml

Video Utilities:

KVCD - http://www.KVCD.net
TMPGEnc - http://www.tmpgenc.net/
VirtualDUB - http://www.virtualdub.org/

Web Browsers:

Mozilla FireFox - http://www.mozilla.org/download.html
Mozilla - http://www.mozilla.org/
Netscape - http://channels.netscape.com/ns/browsers/default.jsp
MyIE2 - http://www.myie2.com/
Avantbrowser - http://www.avantbrowser.com/
SlimBrowser - http://www.flashpeak.com/sbrowser/sbrowser.htm

Web/FTP Servers:

SlimFTPd - http://www.whitsoftdev.com/slimftpd/
Filezilla - http://filezilla.sourceforge.net/
Xitami - http://www.xitami.com/
Apache - http://www.apache.org/
Savant - http://savant.sourceforge.net/

12 Quick Tips To Search Google Like An Expert

2008-03-21T12:52:00.002+07:00

If you’re like me, you probably use Google many times a day. But, chances are, unless you are a technology geek, you probably still use Google in its simplest form. If your current use of Google is limited to typing a few words in, and changing your query until you find what you’re looking for, then I’m here to tell you that there’s a better way – and it’s not hard to learn. On the other hand, if you are a technology geek, and can use Google like the best of them already, then I suggest you bookmark this article of Google search tips. You’ll then have the tips on hand when you are ready to pull your hair out in frustration when watching a neophyte repeatedly type in basic queries in a desperate attempt to find something.

The following Google search tips are based on my own experience and things that I actually find useful. The list is by no means comprehensive. But, I assure you that by learning and using the 12 tips below, you’ll rank up there with the best of the Google experts out there. I’ve kept the descriptions of the search tips intentionally terse as you’re likely to grasp most of these simply by looking at the example from Google anyways.

12 Expert Google Search Tips

1.Explicit Phrase:

Lets say you are looking for content about internet marketing. Instead of just typing internet marketing into the Google search box, you will likely be better off searching explicitly for the phrase. To do this, simply enclose the search phrase within double quotes.

Example: "internet marketing"

2.Exclude Words:

Lets say you want to search for content about internet marketing, but you want to exclude any results that contain the term advertising. To do this, simply use the "-" sign in front of the word you want to exclude.

Example Search: internet marketing -advertising

3.Site Specific Search:

Often, you want to search a specific website for content that matches a certain phrase. Even if the site doesn’t support a built-in search feature, you can use Google to search the site for your term. Simply use the "site:somesite.com" modifier.

Example: "internet marketing" site:www.smallbusinesshub.com

4.Similar Words and Synonyms:

Let’s say you are want to include a word in your search, but want to include results that contain similar words or synonyms. To do this, use the "~" in front of the word.

Example: "internet marketing" ~professional

5.Specific Document Types:

If you’re looking to find results that are of a specific type, you can use the modifier "filetype:". For example, you might want to find only PowerPoint presentations related to internet marketing.

Example: "internet marketing" filetype:ppt

6.This OR That:

By default, when you do a search, Google will include all the terms specified in the search. If you are looking for any one of one or more terms to match, then you can use the OR operator. (Note: The OR has to be capitalized).

Example: internet marketing OR advertising

7.Phone Listing:

Let’s say someone calls you on your mobile number and you don’t know how it is. If all you have is a phone number, you can look it up on Google using the phonebook feature.

Example: phonebook:617-555-1212 (note: the provided number does not work – you’ll have to use a real number to get any results).

8.Area Code Lookup:

If all you need to do is to look-up the area code for a phone number, just enter the 3-digit area code and Google will tell you where it’s from.

Example: 617

9.Numeric Ranges:

This is a rarely used, but highly useful tip. Let’s say you want to find results that contain any of a range of numbers. You can do this by using the X..Y modifier (in case this is hard to read, what’s between the X and Y are two periods. This type of search is useful for years (as shown below), prices or anywhere where you want to provide a series of numbers.

Example: president 1940..1950

10.Stock (Ticker Symbol):

Just enter a valid ticker symbol as your search term and Google will give you the current financials and a quick thumb-nail chart for the stock.

Example: GOOG

11.Calculator:

The next time you need to do a quick calculation, instead of bringing up the Calculator applet, you can just type your expression in to Google.

Example: 48512 * 1.02

12.Word Definitions:

If you need to quickly look up the definition of a word or phrase, simply use the "define:" command.

Example: define:plethora

Hope this list of Google search tips proves useful in your future Google searches. If there are any of your favorite Google expert power tips that I’ve missed, please feel free to share them in the comments.

PC Errors Solved! - A Smart Computing Reference Series

2008-03-19T09:54:00.003+07:00

A Smart Computing Reference Series

Language: English
File Format: PDF

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PC Upgrade and Repair Bible Edition

2008-03-19T09:51:00.003+07:00

Wiley Desktop Edition ISBN: 0764557319 504 pages May 7, 2004 PDF 16 Mb

* Updated and revised with eighty percent new material, this book is 100 percent of what readers need to upgrade, fix, or troubleshoot PCs
* Sixty-five percent of U.S. households own a PC; this book caters to the do-it-yourselfers in these households, both novices and tech hobbyists alike, who are looking for an approachable reference
* A one-stop reference for topics such as video, CD, and DVD; multimedia; storage; communications (network and Internet); peripherals; and integrating with laptops and handhelds
* Concludes with a step-by-step tutorial on building an "extreme" machine that can handle the most demanding multimedia or gaming applications

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Fix Your Own PC - FULL 164 Pages - Guides for Everything Aspect of Your PC!

2008-03-19T09:43:00.003+07:00

Fix Your Own PC - FULL 164 Pages

Guides for Everything Aspect of Your PC!

This magazine teaches you how to maintain and fix your PC in times of crisis. Suitable for both beginners or professionals.

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Upgrading and Repairing Laptops

2008-03-19T09:39:00.004+07:00

Beyond cutting edge, Scott Mueller goes where no computer book author has gone before--right past all the warranty stickers, the hidden screws, and the fear factor to produce a real owner's manual that every laptop owner should have on his desk. This book shows the upgrades users can perform, the ones that are better left to the manufacturer, and how to use add-on peripherals to make the most of a laptop. The CD contains one-of-a-kind video showing just what's inside a portable PC. For readers who have ever wondered what goes on inside their portable PC, how to upgrade/repair the portable PC or how to live on the road with it, this is the one must-have book of the year!

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Windows Important Commands

2008-03-19T09:35:00.000+07:00

Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc
Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks
Security Center - wscui.cpl
Services - services.msc
Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc
Shuts Down Windows - shutdown
Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl
Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk
Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt
Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword
Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync
Mouse Properties - control mouse,main.cpl
Netmeeting - conf
Network Connections - control netconnections
Network Connections - ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl
Object Packager - packager
ODBC Data Source Administrator- odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard - osk
Outlook Express - msimn
Paint – pbrush
Keyboard Properties - control keyboard
Accessibility Controls - access.cpl
Add Hardware Wizard - hdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools - control admintools
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard - fsquirt
Calculator - calc
Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc
Character Map - charmap
Check Disk Utility - chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd
Command Prompt - cmd
Component Services - dcomcnfg
Computer Management - compmgmt.msc
Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl
DDE Shares - ddeshare
Device Manager - devmgmt.msc
Direct X Troubleshooter - dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility - cleanmgr
Disk Defragment - dfrg.msc
Disk Management - diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager - diskpart
Display Properties - control desktop,desk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected) - control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility - drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility - verifier
Event Viewer - eventvwr.msc
File Signature Verification Tool - sigverif
Folders Properties - control folders
Fonts - control fonts
Fonts Folder - fonts
Game Controllers - joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof) - gpedit.msc
Iexpress Wizard - iexpress
Indexing Service - ciadv.msc
Internet Properties - inetcpl.cpl
IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfig /all
IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents) - ipconfig /displaydns
IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents) - ipconfig /flushdns
IP Configuration (Release All Connections) - ipconfig /release
IP Configuration (Renew All Connections) - ipconfig /renew
IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re - Registers DNS) -ipconfig /registerdns
IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID) - ipconfig /showclassid
IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID) - ipconfig /
SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg
System Configuration Editor - sysedit
System Configuration Utility - msconfig
System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)- sfc /scannow
System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)- sfc /scanonce
System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /scanboot
System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)- sfc /revert
System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)- sfc /purgecache
System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)-sfc/cachesize=x
System Information - msinfo32.
System Properties - sysdm.cpl
Task Manager – taskmgr
User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl
Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig
Windows Backup Utility (if installed)- ntbackup
Windows Firewall- firewall.cpl
Windows Magnifier- magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc
Windows Media Player - wmplayer
Windows Messenger - msmsgs
Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)- wiaacmgr
Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart
Wordpad - write
Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc
Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl
Phone Dialer - dialer
Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes - control printers
Printers Folder – printers
Private Character Editor - eudcedit
Regional Settings - intl.cpl
Registry Editor - regedit
Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone
Remote Desktop - mstsc
Private character editor = eudcedit.exe (allows creation or modification of characters)
Windows Media Player 5.1 = mplay32.exe (Retro version of Media Player, very basic).
Microsoft Synchronization Manager = mobsync.exe (appears to allow synchronization of files on the network for when working offline. Apparently undocumented).
ODBC Data Source Administrator = odbcad32.exe (something to do with databases)
Object Packager = packager.exe (to do with packaging objects for insertion in files, appears to have comprehensive help files).
Program Manager = progman.exe (Legacy Windows 3.x desktop shell).
Remote Access phone book = rasphone.exe (documentation is virtually non-existant).
Network shared folder wizard = shrpubw.exe (creates shared folders on network).
File siganture verification tool = sigverif.exe
Volume Control = sndvol32.exe
System Configuration Editor = sysedit.exe (modify System.ini & Win.ini just like in Win98! ).
Syskey = syskey.exe (Secures XP Account database - use with care, it's virtually undocumented but it appears to encrypt all passwords, I'm not sure of the full implications).
Microsoft Telnet Client = telnet.exe
Driver Verifier Manager = verifier.exe (seems to be a utility for monitoring the actions of drivers, might be useful for people having driver problems. Undocumented).
Windows for Workgroups Chat = winchat.exe (appears to be an old NT utility to allow chat sessions over a LAN, help files available).
Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc
Component Services - dcomcnfg
Regional Settings - intl.cpl
Telnet Client - telnet
User Account Management - nusrmgr.cpl
Utility Manager - utilman
Windows Address Book - wab
Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc
Windows Media Player - wmplayer
Windows Messenger - msmsgs
Windows System Security Tool - syskey
Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr
Windows Version - winver
Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig

1 Million Serial Numbers for Windows Applications

2008-03-19T09:28:00.003+07:00

1 Million Serial Numbers for Windows Applications

530 word pages, font size 12 = Over 1 Million Serial Number

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Amazing XP Tips

2008-03-19T09:07:00.004+07:00

1.) TO INCREASE INTERNET BANDWIDTH...

just Click Start then Run and type "gpedit.msc" without quotes.This opens the group policy editor. Then go to:
Local Computer Policy
then Computer Configuration
then Administrative Templates then Network then QOS Packet Scheduler and then to Limit Reservable Bandwidth.

Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab i.e."By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO. This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%......

--------------------------------------

2.)TURN ON UR PC IN JUST 10 SECONDS........

so u wanna know how to turn the pc on in 10 seconds (may vary)here's what u have to do to turn ur pc on in 10 seconds

Click on the start button then press R it will take u to Run well go to run
n type Regedit
press enter
this will open Registery Editor
now look for the key

HKEY_LOACAL_MECHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Contr ol\ContentIndex

now there find the Key Called
"Startup Delay"
Double Click On It
Now where its Base
Click Decimal
Now its Default Value Is 4800000 (75300:hexadecimal)
Change The Value To 40000
here u go u have done it
now close the Registery Editor and Restart Your Computer
You'll See The Result

--------------------------------------

3.)Go ahead, do this little trick to impress and amaze your friends
For Microsoft Windows XP.

Go to:
Start.
Control Panel.
Regional and Language Options.
Click the Customize button.
Select Time tag.
Highlight AM and type the name you want to display . Repeat with PM.
cliKl apply and than ok

--------------------------------------

4.)Bill Gates still doesn't know why it happens:

Try out yourself...
Open Microsoft Word and type
=rand(200,99)
and then HIT ENTER....see what happens.
it won't hurt ur system!!

--------------------------------------

5.)You can lock any folder without using any software. Follow these steps.

1.Suppose you have a folder named abcd in D:\abcd.

2.In the same drive next to the folder create a new notepad file with the exact statement
ren abcd abcd.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}

3.Now save this text file as loc.bat

4.Create another notepad file and type
ren abcd.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} abcd

5.Save this as key.bat

6.Now there are two batch files . Double click loc.bat and your folder will change into Control Panel and its contents cannot be viewed .

7.To open the folder double click key.bat and you get back your original folder .

8?For more safety keep the key.bat in another location .Only for unlocking copy paste to the original location and double click .

--------------------------------------

6.)Hidden Star Wars Movie in Windows XP

Microsoft has hidden a version of Star Wars done entirely with ASCII characters in the Windows XP operating system.But you must be connected to internet to view it.When online,go to start->run.Now type ' telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl ' without the single quotes.See it for yourself.

--------------------------------------

7.)How will u die ( Very Funny )

1]
http://evil.berzerker.net/death_predictions.php

2]
http://www.deathclock.com/

--------------------------------------

8.)TO CHANGE THE NAME OF RECYCLEBIN....

open notepad and paste this following matter there and now save this as recyclebin.reg and now click on the created file and then click yes........now rename the recyclebin as u wish....

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\CLSID\{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}\ShellFolder]
"Attributes"=hex:50,01,00,20

"CallForAttributes"=dword:00000000

--------------------------------------

9.)Removing Multiple Boot Screens:

If you are getting unwanted multiple boot screen
Then Follow these Steps.
1> Right Click on My Computer
2>Select Properties
3>Select Advanced Tab
4>Select Settings In the Startup & Recovery Section(3rd grp)
5>Select the operating system which u want.
6>And Click OK.
7>Further again press the setting and click on Edit.
8>It will open boot.ini File.
9>Now u can delete those o/s which you don't want to be displayed.

Note: For deleting operating systems from boot.ini file, keep it mind that you can't
delete that o/s which is selected by default there. Before
making any changes make a copy of boot.ini file.

--------------------------------------

10.)To Increase the Internet Speed:

Open Notepad and paste the below code in it.

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters]
"SackOpts"=dword:00000001
"TcpWindowSize"=dword:0005ae4c
"Tcp1323Opts"=dword:00000003
"DefaultTTL"=dword:00000040
"EnablePMTUBHDetect"=dword:00000000
"EnablePMTUDiscovery"=dword:00000001
"GlobalMaxTcpWindowSize"=dword:0005ae4c

Now save this file as speed.reg. Execute it and observe the change!

--------------------------------------

11.)Use system restore when you cannot boot your system

If your system has failed to the point where you cannot access the Windows GUI either through booting normally or through safe mode, you

may still have the chance to use the System Restore feature if you have it enabled, by running it form the command prompt. To do this:

Restart your computer and press F8 after the POST screen to bring up the Windows XP boot menu. Choose 'boot in safe mode with command

prompt.'

If your system gets to the command prompt successfully, type '%systemroot%\system32\restore\rstrui.exe' and then press enter. Follow the

onscreen instructions to restore your computer to a previous saved point.

--------------------------------------

12.)Change your windows font...

-first right clcik on your desktop ,go to properties
-den go to the appearnce tab and select advanced
-den scroll down to the part icon
-you can change your windows font there...

--------------------------------------

13.)Hide Hard Drives Partitions(C:,D:,E: etc.)

This is a great trick you can play on your friends. To disable the display of local or networked drives when you click My Computer.

1.Go to start->run.Type regedit.Now go to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Now in the right pane create a new DWORD item and name it NoDrives(it is case sensitive). Now modify it's value and set it to 3FFFFFF

(Hexadecimal) .Now restart your computer. So, now when you click on My Computer, no drives will be shown(all gone...). To enable display of

drives in My Computer, simply delete this DWORD item that you created.Again restart your computer.You can now see all the drives again.

Magic.

--------------------------------------

14.)GETTING BACK MISSING FOLDER OPTIONS

Open Run and then type "gpedit.msc".
Now goto User Configuration > Administrative templates > Windows Component > Windows Explorer.
Click on Windows Explorer you will find the 3rd option on the right side of screen "Removes the Folder Option menu item from the Tools

menu"
Just check it, if it is not configured then change it to enable by double clicking on it and after applying again set it to not configured.

I hopes that you will find the option after restarting windows.

--------------------------------------

15.)Make ur Windows Genuine using notepad!!!!

1. Copy and Paste the following code in the Notepad.

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\WPAEvents]
"OOBETimer"=hex:ff,d5,71,d6,8b,6a,8d,6f,d5,33,93,fd
"LastWPAEventLogged"=hex5,07,05,00,06,00,07,00,0f,00,38,00,24,00,fd,02

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion]
"CurrentBuild"="1.511.1 () (Obsolete data - do not use)"
"InstallDate"=dword:427cdd95
"ProductId"="69831-640-1780577-45389"
"DigitalProductId"=hex:a4,00,00,00,03,00,00,00,36,39,38,33,31,2d,36,34,30,2d,\
31,37,38,30,35,37,37,2d,34,35,33,38,39,00,5a,00,00,00,41,32,32,2d,30,30,30,\
30,31,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,0d,04,89,b2,15,1b,c4,ee,62,4f,e6,64,6f,01,00,\
00,00,00,00,27,ed,85,43,a2,20,01,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\
00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,31,34,35,30,34,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,ce,0e,\
00,00,12,42,15,a0,00,08,00,00,87,01,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,\
00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,94,a2,b3,ac
"LicenseInfo"=hex:9e,bf,09,d0,3a,76,a5,27,bb,f2,da,88,58,ce,58,e9,05,6b,0b,82,\
c3,74,ab,42,0d,fb,ee,c3,ea,57,d0,9d,67,a5,3d,6e,42,0d,60,c0,1a,70,24,46,16,\
0a,0a,ce,0d,b8,27,4a,46,53,f3,17

2. Save the file with the .reg extension.

3. If you run the file means it will ask you the confirmation to add the value to your Registry.

4. Press Yes.

5. Reboot your System.

6. Start Downloading from Microsoft Site.

--------------------------------------

16.)Disabling Balloon Tips:

1. Start Regedit

2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced\

3. Create a DWORD value of EnableBalloonTips

4. Give it a value of 0

enjoy................

--------------------------------------

17. how to enable the rask manager

type: regedit in RUN
Hive: HKEY_CURRENT_USER
Key: Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System
Name: DisableTaskMgr
Type: REG_DWORD
Value: 1=Enablethis key, that is DISABLE TaskManager
Value: 0isablethis key, that is Don't Disable, Enable TaskManager

Add Blog Rating In Blogger

2008-03-17T14:21:00.010+07:00

10 Simple steps how to add blog ratings plugin - The tutorial. This tutorial will explain how to add rating stars to a Blogger based blog. With this rating stars your readers can easily rate your stories. I'll try to keep this tutorial simple and clear enough. This blog rating is a free plugin from OutBrain.com site. Lets start the tutorial with only short steps to do.

1. Go to Outbrain.com site to get this plugin.

2. You'll see Get ratings button at frontpage of the site. Just click that button to start around.

3. You should be faced with a page contains many option there. Now click 1-click install button for Blogger. You can find Blogger logo easily there. For HTML Blogger classic template just jump to point 6th.

4. xml templateFirst select your prefered language for your ratings should be. You must agree with OutBrain TOS before continuing to get ratings. Than just click a button with "Install ratings on your Blogger blog" text on it.

5.You'll be redirected to Blogger login page. After you've got signed you'll be able to continue installing plugin. The ratings code will be shown automatically inside page elements addition area. What you must do here is only following the instruction how to add a page element in Blogger as usual. In the end of process you just have to save template changes and republish it. It is just simple as we think, didn't we?

6. HTML templateFor HTML Blogger classic template please don't click the button. But let see around below TOS and Privacy Policy text. There is a link to instruction on how to use ratings in classic template. Click it there

7. Now just follow instruction listed at that page and click Create The Code button. Don't forget to check agreement statement.

8. A box with the code will appear. Select that code and copy it. You can easily do this by simply hit Ctrl+C on your keyboard.

9. Locate <$BlogItemBody$> tag in your HTML template. Paste the code (CTRL+V) below the tag. You may add tag. See the example:

10. Just click Save Template Changes button as our final step. To see how this ratings plugin works just view your blog and test it.

The Top Ten Free Website Tools and Services

2008-03-15T12:28:00.002+07:00

The internet abounds with freebies and a do-no-evil attitude. And although there are many services that are worth every penny that you pay, here are the top ten freebies to help you build traffic and create a better visitor experience on your web site.

Google Analytics

Google Analytics has rapidly become the industry leader in site analytics - giving paid options such as WebTrends a run for their money. Simply copy and paste a small piece of code onto your web pages and Google offers advanced tracking and traffic statistics for free. To learn more about using Google Analytics, Ian Lurie of Conversation Marketing has developed a series of tutorial videos on the subject.

MyBlogLog and BlogCatalog

For Blogs I have not found a more effective way to drive traffic to a new site than through these two services. By combining social networking with helpful blogging tools, both MyBlogLog and BlogCatalog are making a huge impact on giving new blogs a kick-start to success.

HitTail and 103Bees

HitTail and 103Bees are similar in nature - they offer site owners a way to understand and analyze their search engine traffic in an easy-to-use interface. Both of them also indicate whether your site was found on the front page of search results, or in the “long tail” of search results (many pages down). This knowledge can then be used to develop content in specialized keyword niches to push your site up in search engine results.

FeedBurner

For any site that produces content for syndication, FeedBurner is an absolute must for managing and tracking RSS subscribers and republishers. The site offers extremely user-friendly advice with a support staff in the background that has an outstanding reputation for fast and friendly help.

MorgueFile Photos

Although having a unique and original site is quite important, there are times when everyone needs a photo for a small project that isn’t worth paying for. The Morgue File offers free high resolution digital stock photography for either corporate or public use. Usually all that is required is author notification that the photo is being used.

OpenAds

For sites that want to serve and track advertising, OpenAds is an easy and sophisticated program that can be installed on your server. It even allows for clients to have their own access to the system to see performance statistics, upload new ads, or change campaigns. Even if you don’t sell advertising on your site, OpenAds is a must if you want to track and optimize your own self-promotional efforts site-wide.

The 37Signals Suite

Although technically not a suite of tools for websites, the 37Signals programs are critically acclaimed as they offer tracking of project management, contact management, group communications and information organization. Any tool that so elegantly increases productivity and makes life easier is well worth mentioning on this list.

WordPress

If you or your business hasn’t already started a blog, it’s probably my most highly recommended site promotion tool of all. Just the search engine benefits alone are worth the time and effort of starting and maintaining a blog. WordPress is the industry standard blogging platform, and it is both free and easy to use.

Overture Keyword Selector Tool

For more advanced search engine optimization, it helps to do a little research on what exactly internet surfers are looking for. The Overture Keyword Selector Tool offers insights into the exact number of searches that Yahoo receives for search terms and their related phrases. By understanding what phrases are most common, you can use this knowledge to incorporate the highest volume keywords into your site.

Pew Internet

The non-profit Pew Internet Project offers highly valuable data, research and statistics on the impact of the Internet on families, communities, work and home, daily life, education, health care, and civic and political life. To understand your target audience better or to pull information for a business plan, this site offers a wealth of insights for savvy web entrepreneurs.This entry was posted on Friday, April 27th, 2007 at 12:05 pm and is filed under Productivity. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.

Some Troubleshooting Commands

2008-03-15T11:01:00.010+07:00

Some frequently use commands:

ipconfig - Displays IP configuration information
ping - Tests connections to other IP hosts
tracert - Displays route taken to destination
netstat - Displays network connections
nslookup - Directly queries the name server for information on a destination domain

1. Troubleshooting using Ipconfig

Ipconfig

Ipconfig is used to display the current IP configuration information for a host. Issuing this command from the command prompt will display the basic configuration information including: IP address, subnet mask and default gateway.

Ipconfig /all

The command ipconfig /all displays additional information including the MAC address, IP addresses of the default gateway and the DNS servers. It also indicates if DHCP is enabled, the DHCP server address and lease information.

How can this utility assist in the troubleshooting process? Without an appropriate IP configuration, a host can not participate in communications on a network. If the host does not know the location of the DNS servers it cannot translate names into IP addresses.

Ipconfig /release and ipconfig /renew

If IP addressing information is assigned dynamically, the command ipconfig /release will release the current DHCP bindings. Ipconfig /renew will request fresh configuration information from the DHCP server. A host may contain faulty or outdated IP configuration information and a simple renewal of this information is all that is required to regain connectivity.

If after releasing the IP configuration, the host is unable to obtain fresh information from the DHCP server, it could be that there is no network connectivity. Verify that the NIC has an illuminated link light, indicating that it has a physical connection to the network. If this does not solve the problem, it may be an issue with the DHCP server or network connections to the DCHP server.

2. Troubleshooting using Ping

Ping

If the IP configuration appears to be correctly configured on the local host, next, test network connectivity by using ping. Ping is used to test if a destination host is reachable. The ping command can be followed by either an IP address or the name of a destination host, as for example:

ping 192.168.1.2

ping www.google.com

When a ping is sent to an IP address, a packet known as an echo request is sent across the network to the IP address specified. If the destination host receives the echo request, it responds with a packet known as an echo reply. If the source receives the echo reply, connectivity is verified.

If a ping is sent to a name, such as www.google.com , a packet is first sent to a DNS server to resolve the name to an IP address. Once the IP address is obtained, the echo request is forwarded to the IP address and the process proceeds. If a ping to the IP address succeeds, but a ping to the name does not, there is most likely a problem with DNS.

If pings to both the name and IP address are successful, but the user is still unable to access the application, then the problem most likely resides in the application on the destination host. For example, it may be that the requested service is not running.

If neither ping is successful, then network connectivity along the path to the destination is most likely the problem. If this occurs, it is common practice to ping the default gateway. If the ping to the default gateway is successful, the problem is not local. If the ping to the default gateway fails, the problem resides on the local network.

The basic ping command usually issues four echoes and waits for the replies to each one. It can, however, be modified to increase its usefulness. The Options listed in the graphic display additional features available.

3. Troubleshooting using Tracert

Tracert

The ping utility can verify end-to-end connectivity. However, if a problem exists and the device cannot ping the destination, the ping utility does not indicate where the connection was actually dropped. To accomplish this, another utility known as tracert must be used.

The Tracert utility provides connectivity information about the path a packet takes to reach the destination and about every router (hop) along the way. It also indicates how long a packet takes to get from source to each hop and back (round trip time). Tracert can help identify where a packet may have been lost or delayed due to bottlenecks or slowdowns in the network.

The basic tracert utility will only allow up to 30 hops between a source and destination device before it assumes that the destination is unreachable. This number is adjustable by using the -h parameter. Other modifiers, displayed as Options in the graphic, are also available.

4. Troubleshooting using Netstat

Netstat

Sometimes it is necessary to know which active TCP connections are open and running on a networked host. Netstat is an important network utility that can be used to verify those connections. Netstat lists the protocol in use, the local address and port number, the foreign address and port number, and the state of the connection.

Unexplained TCP connections can pose a major security threat. This is because they can indicate that something or someone is connected to the local host. Additionally, unnecessary TCP connections can consume valuable system resources thus slowing down the host's performance. Netstat should be used to examine the open connections on a host when performance appears to be compromised.

Many useful Options are available for the netstat command.

5. Troubleshooting using Nslookup

Nslookup

When accessing applications or services across the network, individuals usually rely on the DNS name instead of the IP address. When a request is sent to that name, the host must first contact the DNS server to resolve the name to the corresponding IP. The host then uses IP to package the information for delivery.

The nslookup utility allows an end-user to look up information about a particular DNS name in the DNS server. When the nslookup command is issued, the information returned includes the IP address of the DNS server being used as well as the IP address associated with the specified DNS name. Nslookup is often used as a troubleshooting tool for determining if the DNS server is performing name resolution as expected.

How to Reinstall Windows Without Losing Your Data

2008-02-22T14:54:00.002+07:00

Over time, Windows loses stability. If you keep a computer for more than two years, at some point you're going to have to bite the bullet and reinstall Windows from scratch. But contrary to popular belief, you won't have to reformat your hard drive (with one exception, discussed below). The bad stuff you need to get rid of is all in your Windows folder.

Before you begin, gather your Windows and application CD-ROMs. Back up your data files (just to be safe), and then clear two days off your calendar. If everything goes smoothly, you can reinstall Windows in a few hours. But you have to assume something will go wrong: You may not be able to find a necessary CD, or data won't be where you thought it was, or something will simply refuse to work.

There's a difference between a repair reinstall and a complete reinstall. Though a repair (also called a refresh) will let you keep your current settings, a complete reinstall will give you a truly fresh version of Windows. Repairs are fast and easy, but they don't fix anywhere near as many problems. The instructions below are for total reinstalls, except where noted.

Your Vendor's Restore CD
Most computers ship with a vendor-specific restore CD rather than with a Microsoft Windows CD-ROM. (If your PC came with a Microsoft Windows CD, or if you bought a retail copy of Windows, skip to the section for your version.)

Some restore CDs give you all the options of a full Microsoft Windows CD, but with better instructions and the convenience of having all the right hardware drivers. Others can do nothing except reformat your hard drive and restore it to the condition it was in when you bought the PC. (This case is the exception I mentioned above that requires a reformat.)

If your restore CD is reformat-only, back up your data files to a network or a removable medium before reinstalling Windows. If you use Windows 98 or Me, back up C:\My Documents, plus the folders inside C:\Windows discussed in the 98/Me section below. If you have Windows 2000 or XP, back up C:\Documents and Settings. Also back up any other folders in which you store your data files.

Windows 98 and ME CDs
These Windows versions keep some important data inside your soon-to-be-erased Windows folder, so you need to copy several of its subfolders to another location. Right-click My Computer and select Explore. Double-click the C: drive icon (in Me, you may then have to click View the entire contents of this drive). Right-click in the right pane and select New, Folder. Name the new folder oldstuff.

Go to the Windows folder (you might have to click View the entire contents of this folder), hold down Ctrl, and select the following subfolders: All Users, Application Data, Desktop, Favorites, Local Settings, Profiles, SendTo, and Start Menu. If you don't see them all, select View, Folder Options (Tools, Folder Options in Me), click the View tab, select Show all files, and click OK. (If you still don't see them all, don't worry about it.) Press Ctrl and drag the folders to C:\oldstuff (see FIGURE 1).

Restart Windows with a start-up disk in your floppy drive. (To make a start-up floppy, insert a disk, select Start, Settings, Control Panel, double-click Add/Remove Programs, click Startup Disk, Create Disk, and follow the prompts.) At the Startup Menu, select Start computer with CD-ROM support. While the drivers load, insert your Windows CD-ROM.

Unless you're doing a repair reinstall, type the command c:\windows\command\deltree /y c:\windows and press Enter. Deleting your old files could take time, but the /y switch suppresses confirmation prompts, so take a break.

When you're back at the A: prompt, type x:setup, where x is your CD drive letter (it's likely one letter past what it usually is in Windows, so if it's D: in Windows, it's probably E: here). Press Enter and follow the prompts.

Once you're back in Windows, reinstall your graphics card driver. If you have Windows set up for more than one user, you'll also have to re-create each account. Select Start, Settings, Control Panel, Users to do so. It's important that the user names match those in the old installation. If you're not sure, open Windows Explorer and navigate to C:\oldstuff\profiles. There you'll find a folder for each registered user name (see FIGURE 2). Don't worry about passwords. Log off and log back on as each user. When you're done, log off and back on one more time, but instead of choosing a user name and a password, press Esc to enter Windows without being a specific user.

Select Start, Programs, MS-DOS Prompt (in Windows 98) or Start, Programs, Accessories, MS-DOS Prompt (in Windows Me). Type xcopy c:\oldstuff\*.* c:\windows /s /h /r /c and press Enter (if you want to know what the xcopy switches do, enter the command xcopy /?). When xcopy asks if it should overwrite a file, press a for All.

When xcopy is through, reboot and log on (as a particular user, if necessary). Open My Documents to make sure all your personal files are where they belong, including your Internet Explorer favorites and your custom Start menu shortcuts.

Now skip ahead to "Finishing the Job."

Windows 2000 and XP CDs
Boot your computer with your Windows CD-ROM inserted. When you get the 'Press any key to boot from CD' message, do so. (If you don't see that message before Windows starts, restart Windows, press the key you're prompted to enter for your PC Setup program, and change the boot order so your CD drive is first.)

At the 'Welcome to Setup' screen, press Enter. The R (repair) option takes you to the Recovery Module, which is useful if Windows won't boot, but it's no help with a reinstallation. Soon you'll be told that there's already a Windows installation on the computer. Press r for a repair reinstall or Esc to begin a complete, destructive one. For a complete restore, select your C: partition and press Enter. When you get the warning that says an operating system is on that partition, press c. When you are asked your partition preference, select Leave the current file system intact (no changes). When you're told that a Windows folder (or Winnt folder for Windows 2000) already exists, press l ('ell') to delete it and create a new one. Follow the series of prompts. When the installation program asks for your name, enter temp.

Once the installation is complete, your system will reboot into Windows, and you'll be logged on as user Temp. If the screen is difficult to read, reinstall your graphics card driver.

If you are reinstalling Windows XP, skip to "For Both Windows XP and 2000."

If you're reinstalling Windows 2000, log off as Temp and back on as Administrator. Now log off and on again, this time as Temp. Open Windows Explorer and navigate to C:\Documents and Settings. One of the subfolders will be named Administrator. Another will be named something like Administrator.computername.

Select Start, Programs, Accessories, Command Prompt. Type cd "\documents and settings" and press Enter. Then type xcopy administrator\*.* administrator.computername /s /h /r /c, replacing computername with the last part of that folder's name (after "Administrator.") in Documents and Settings. Now press Enter, and when you're asked about overwriting files or folders, press a for All.

If you have any users on the old installation besides Administrator, continue with the "For Both Windows XP and 2000" section. Otherwise, open Windows Explorer and make sure your data files are where they belong. Then go to Control Panel's Users and Passwords applet and delete the user Temp before skipping to "Finishing the Job."

For Both Windows XP and 2000
Reopen Windows Explorer. Select your C: drive (you may have to click Show the contents of this folder). Right-click in the right pane and select New, Folder. Name the new folder oldstuff. In the left pane, choose the Documents and Settings folder. It should have subfolders for each user from the previous install, plus one for Temp and a few others. Move the folders for your previous user names to oldstuff.

Select Start, Control Panel, User Accounts (Start, Settings, Control Panel, Users and Passwords in Windows 2000). Create an account for each user who was registered before the reinstall. Be sure to use the exact names. They are the same names as the folders you just moved to oldstuff (as shown in FIGURE 2). In Windows XP, at least one user must have administrator privileges.

Log off and back on as each user, before logging back on as Temp. Make sure that you select Log Off and not Switch User at Windows XP's Log Off dialog box (this isn't an issue in Win 2000).

Log on as Temp, select Start, Programs, Accessories, Command Prompt (in XP, Start, All Programs, Accessories, Command Prompt), type xcopy c:\oldstuff\*.* "c:\documents and settings" /s /h /r /c, and press Enter. Press a when asked if you want to overwrite a file. Log off Temp and log on to each restored account to make sure everyone's documents and data are where they belong. Log on as an administrator and run Control Panel's User Accounts applet again to remove the user Temp.

Finishing the Job
Now you've got Windows going, but not much else. You may have to reinstall your printer, sound card, and so on. Luckily, if a driver for the gadget came on your Windows or vendor restore CD, it was probably reinstalled automatically.

You'll have to reinstall your applications to reintroduce them to Windows. Some of their settings will not be changed by the reinstallation, but those that were stored in the Registry were wiped out.

Once your Internet connection is running again, browse to Windows Update and download all critical updates for your version (see FIGURE 3). Then visit the sites of your hardware vendors to update your drivers.

After the reinstall, some of your data may not show up where it should. Search for it in both your Application Data and oldstuff folders, and see if you can move it to the folder in which Windows or your apps are looking for it. If you find a folder called Identities with two subfolders whose names are long and indecipherable, try moving the contents of one to the other and see if your data reappears.

You've probably guessed that the final step is deleting the c:\oldstuff folder--and the Administrator folder in Windows 2000. Make this the very last step, however. Wait a couple of days, weeks, or even months until you're confident that all of your needed files are accessible.

How to disable or uninstall the pilot version of Microsoft Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications

2008-02-22T14:43:00.001+07:00

Disable WGA Notifications

Log on to the computer by using an account that has administrative permissions.

Make sure that the WGA Notifications version that exists on the computer is a pilot version. The version format for the pilot version is 1.5.0532.x. In this case, you can uninstall versions 527-532 only. For example, you can uninstall versions that range from 1.5.0527.0 to 1.5.0532.2. To find the WGA Notifications version, follow these steps.

a.	Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
b.	Double-click Add or Remove Programs, click Windows XP - Software, click Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications, and then click Click here for support information.
c.	In the Support Info dialog box, verify the version number, and then click Close.

Rename the following files by changing the extension to .old:

•	Rename %Windir%\system32\WgaLogon.dll to %Windir%\system32\WgaLogon.old
•	Rename %Windir%\system32\WgaTray.exe to %Windir%\system32\WgaTray.old

Restart the computer.

Manually uninstall WGA Notifications

Log on to the computer by using an account that has administrative permissions.

a.	Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
b.	Double-click Add or Remove Programs, click Windows XP - Software, click Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications, and then click Click here for support information. Note If Windows Genuine Advantage Notifications does not appear, the release version is installed. You cannot uninstall the release version of WGA Notifications.
c.	In the Support Info dialog box, verify the version number, and then click Close.

Rename the following files by changing the extension to .old:

•	Rename %Windir%\system32\WgaLogon.dll to %Windir%\system32\WgaLogon.old
•	Rename %Windir%\system32\WgaTray.exe to %Windir%\system32\WgaTray.old

Restart the computer.

Unregister LegitCheckControl.dll by using Regsvr32. To do this, follow these steps:

a.	Click Start, click Run, type cmd, and then click OK.
b.	At the command prompt, type the following, and then press ENTER: Regsvr32 %Windir%\system32\LegitCheckControl.dll /u

Restart the computer.

Click Start, click Run, type cmd, and then click OK.

At the command prompt, delete the following files by typing the Del command. Press ENTER after you type each command.

•	Del %Windir%\system32\wgalogon.old
•	Del %Windir%\system32\WgaTray.old
•	Del %Windir%\system32\LegitCheckControl.dll

At the command prompt, type regedit.

10.

Locate and then right-click the following registry subkeys. Click Delete after you locate each subkey.

•	HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\ CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Notify\WgaLogon
•	HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows \CurrentVersion\Uninstall\WgaNotify

When starting up Windows, before the desktop appears I get a STOP 0x0000007F blue screen error message.

2008-02-22T14:00:00.000+07:00

Possible Solution: If you have Symantec’s Norton Anti-Virus, this problem occurs because there is a limited amount of kernel space available for kernel drivers. For Windows 2000, this limit is 12 KB. If the operating system runs out of kernel space, then the computer displays a blue screen error message. See this web site for more information: http://service1.symantec.com/SUPPORT/ent-security.nsf/docid/2002071208532048?Open&src=w (See also: KStackMinFree.reg)

Also, turn OFF Windows XP’s Prefetching.

The Prefetcher component in Windows XP is part of the Memory Manager, and helps to shorten the amount of time it takes to start Windows and programs.

In some configurations, the prefetcher can cause errors (such as drivers not loading after bootup, Code 10 errors, etc.). It has also been said that the application prefetcher does not actually speed up application launching.

To disable the Prefetcher component, use Registry Editor (Regedit.exe) to locate the EnablePrefetcher value under the following key in the registry:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session

Manager\Memory Management\PrefetchParameters

Change the value of the EnablePrefetcher value to 0 , and then quit Registry Editor. The next time you start your computer, the Prefetcher component will not start.

You can also adjust how the Prefetch behaves by chaning the value of "EnablePrefetcher" as follows:

0 ---- Disable Prefetching

1 ---- Enable Application Prefetch

2 ---- Enable Boot Prefetch

3 ---- Enable both Boot and Application prefetching (Default value)

5 is not a valid value for this parameter as it is a 2 bit switch.

Even if you keep the prefetch ON, you should periodically delete the contents of the following folder. It's contents will be refreshed in 3 days or immediately if you run the command below. Be sure to reboot

twice after deleting the contents of the folder.

Contents to Delete: c:\windows\prefetch

Rebuild Now (run):

%windir%\System32\rundll32.exe advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks

System32 Folder Opens When Logging on to Windows

2008-02-22T13:48:00.002+07:00

SYMPTOMS

When you log on to Microsoft Windows, a Microsoft Windows Explorer window may open that displays the contents of the System32 folder.

This behavior also occurs if there is a String value that contains only a single quote character (") as the Value data in the following Registry key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

CAUSE

This behavior can occur if a null, incomplete, or damaged entry exists in the registry.

RESOLUTION

WARNING: If you use Registry Editor incorrectly, you may cause serious problems that may require you to reinstall your operating system. Microsoft cannot guarantee that you can solve problems that result from using Registry Editor incorrectly. Use Registry Editor at your own risk.

Use Registry Editor to view the following two Windows registry keys:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

Verify that all the values in these keys do not contain any incorrect, incomplete, or null entries (such as "").

MORE INFORMATION

An incorrect entry in the following registry value has been confirmed to cause the behavior described above:

Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
Value: ActiveMovie File Extensions
Value Type: REG_SZ
Value Data: ActMovie.exe /Check

If the value data for this entry is null or appears in Registry Editor as quotation marks, you may experience the problem described above. To correct the problem, change the value data to match the entry above or delete the ActiveMovie File Extensions value.

You can resolve this behavior by deleting the Remainder value that has "" next to it is in the following registry key:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version\Run

If you are uncertain whether an entry is incorrect or incomplete, you may want to delete all entries other than the default Windows entry. The following entry to run the System Tray is the only required Windows default entry:

Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
Value: SystemTray
Value Type: REG_SZ
Value Data: SysTray.exe

Increasing Windows XP's performance

2008-02-22T13:05:00.001+07:00

Possible Solution: Disable Kernal paging using the following regedit:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CURRENTCONTROLSET\CONTROL\SESSION MANAGER\Memory Management.

Click on the Memory Management folder and right-click the LargeSystemCache entry. Select Modify, and type 1 in the Value Data field.

If you have 512MB or more of RAM, you should also locate the DisablePagingExecutive entry and ensure it is set to 1 as well. (This setting keeps as much information as possible loaded into RAM rather than to the swap file.)

How To Display, Use, and Clear "My Recent Documents" on the Start Menu in Windows XP

2008-02-22T11:47:00.001+07:00

To Display the My Recent Documents Folder

To display the My Recent Documents folder on the Start menu:

1.	Right-click Start, and then click Properties. Or, if the Start menu is already displayed, right-click an empty area of the Start menu, and then click Properties.
2.	Click Customize.
3.	Click the Advanced tab.
4.	Under Recent documents, click to select the List my most recently opened documents check box, click OK, and then click OK. The next time you click Start, the My Recent Documents command is displayed on the Start menu.

To Clear the Contents of the My Recent Documents Folder

To clear the My Recent Documents list, follow these steps:

1.	Right-click Start, and then click Properties. Or, if the Start menu is already displayed, right-click an empty area of the Start menu, and then click Properties.
2.	Click Customize.
3.	Click the Advanced tab.
4.	Under Recent documents, click Clear List, click OK, and then click OK. Your most recently used documents are removed from the My Recent Documents folder. Note that this action does not delete the documents from your hard disk.

How to connect and disconnect a network drive in Windows XP

2008-02-22T11:25:00.002+07:00

Connect a drive from My Network Places

1.	Click Start, click My Network Places, click Entire Network, and then double-click Microsoft Windows Network.
2.	Double-click the domain that you want to open.
3.	Double-click the computer that has the shared resource you want to map. All the shared resources for that computer automatically appear in the window.
4.	Right-click the shared drive or folder that you want to map, and then click Map Network Drive.
5.	Click the drive letter that you want to use, and then specify whether you want to reconnect every time that you log on to your computer. Note Network drives are mapped by using letters starting from the letter Z. This is the default drive letter for the first mapped drive you create. However, you can select another letter if you want to use a letter other than Z.
6.	Click Finish.

Connect a drive from My Computer or Windows Explorer

1.	To connect a drive from My Computer, click Start, right-click My Computer, and then click Explore. To connect a drive from Windows Explorer, right-click Start, and then click Explore.
2.	On the Tools menu, click Map Network Drive.
3.	In the Drive box, click a drive letter.
4.	In the Folder box, type the UNC path for the server and shared resource in the following format: \\server name\share name. You can also click Browse to find the computer and shared resource.

Use the Net Use command to map or disconnect a drive

You can use the net use command for batch files and scripts. To use the net use command to map or disconnect a drive:

•

To map a network drive:

1.	Click Start, and then click Run.
2.	In the Open box, type cmd.
3.	Type net use x: \\computer name\share name, where x: is the drive letter you want to assign to the shared resource.

•

To disconnect a mapped drive:

1.	Click Start, and then click Run.
2.	In the Open box, type cmd.
3.	Type net use x: /delete, where x: is the drive letter of the shared resource.

Disconnect from a mapped network drive

1.	Click Start, and then click My Computer.
2.	Right-click the icon for the mapped drive.
3.	Click Disconnect.

Note When you disconnect from a mapped drive, you remove the mapped drive letter that you assigned to the shared resource. You can still access the resource from My Network Places.

How to set performance options in Windows XP

2008-02-22T11:10:00.000+07:00

How to manually change the performance of foreground and background programs

Click Start, click Run, and then type sysdm.cpl in the Open box.

Click the Advanced tab, and then click Settings under Performance.

Click the Advanced tab, and then use one of the following methods under Processor scheduling:

•	Click Programs to assign more processor resources to the foreground program than the background program.
•	Click Background services to assign equal amounts of processor resources to all programs.

Notes

•	If you click Programs, the foreground program runs more smoothly and responds more quickly. If you want a background task such as a Backup utility to run faster, click Background services.
•	The Programs option allocates short, variable time slices (quanta) to running programs, and the Background services option assigns long, fixed quanta.

How to manually manage computer memory

When your computer is running low on RAM, and you must have more RAM immediately, Windows uses hard disk space to simulate RAM. This is known as virtual memory. It is also known as the paging file. This is similar to the UNIX swapfile. By default, the virtual memory paging file (named pagefile.sys) that is created during installation is 1.5 times the RAM on your computer.

You can optimize virtual memory use by dividing the space between multiple drives and by removing space from slow or heavily accessed drives. To best optimize your virtual memory space, divide it among as many physical hard drives as possible. When you select drives, follow these guidelines:

•	Try to avoid having a paging file on the same drive as the system files.
•	Avoid putting a paging file on a fault-tolerant drive such as a mirrored volume or a RAID-5 volume. Paging files do not require fault-tolerance, and some fault-tolerant computers experience slow data writes because they write data to multiple locations.
•	Do not put multiple paging files on different partitions on the same physical disk drive.

How to manually change the size of the virtual memory paging file

You must be logged on as an administrator or as a member of the Administrators group to complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a network, network policy settings may also prevent you from completing this procedure.

1.	Click Start, click Run, and then type sysdm.cpl in the Open box.
2.	Click the Advanced tab, and then click Settings under Performance.
3.	Click the Advanced tab, and then click Change under Virtual memory.
4.	Under Drive [Volume Label], click the drive that contains the paging file that you want to change.
5.	Under Paging file size for selected drive, click Custom size, type a new paging file size in megabytes (MB) in the Initial size (MB) or Maximum size (MB) box, and then click Set.

If you decrease the size of either the initial or maximum paging file settings, you must restart your computer to see the effects of those changes. When you increase the paging file size, you typically do not have to restart your computer.

Notes

•	To have Windows select the best paging file size, click System managed size. The recommended minimum size is equivalent to 1.5 times the RAM on your computer, and 3 times that figure for the maximum size. For example, if you have 256 MB of RAM, the minimum size is 384 MB, and the maximum size is 1152 MB.
•	For best performance, do not set the initial size to less than the minimum recommended size under Total paging file size for all drives. The recommended size is equivalent to 1.5 times the RAM on your computer. It is good practice to leave the paging file at its recommended size. However, you may increase its size if you frequently use programs that use much memory.
•	To delete a paging file, set both the initial size and the maximum size to zero, or click No paging file. We strongly recommend that you do not disable or delete the paging file.

How to manually optimize the memory usage

You can optimize your computer's memory usage. If you use your computer primarily as a workstation instead of as a server, you can devote more memory to your programs. Your programs will work faster and your system cache size will remain the default size that came with Windows XP. You can also set aside more computer memory for a larger system cache if your computer is used primarily as a server, or if you use programs that require a larger cache.

Click Start, click Run, and then type sysdm.cpl in the Open box.

Click the Advanced tab, and then click Settings under Performance.

Click the Advanced tab, and then use one of the following methods under Memory usage:

•	Click Programs if you use your computer primarily as a workstation instead of as a server. This option allocates more memory to your programs.
•	Click System cache if your computer is used primarily as a server or if you use programs that use a larger cache.

How to manually change the visual effects

Windows provides several options to set the visual effects of your computer. For example, you can show shadows under menus. Shadows give menus a 3-D look. You can configure Windows to display all the contents of a window while you move the window on your screen. To make large text more readable, you can display the smooth edges of screen fonts.

Windows provides options to turn on all the settings (for best appearance), or none of the settings (for best computer performance). You can also restore the default settings.

To change the visual effects, follow these steps:

Click Start, click Run, and then type sysdm.cpl in the Open box.

Click the Advanced tab, and then under Performance, click Settings.

Click the Visual Effects tab, and then use one of the following methods:

•	Click Adjust for best performance to have Windows automatically adjust the settings for best performance.
•	Click Adjust for best appearance to have Windows automatically adjust the settings for best appearance.
•	Click Custom, and then select the check boxes for those items that you want to turn on. Clear the check boxes for the items that you want to turn off.

How to copy data from a corrupted user profile to a new profile

2008-02-20T16:53:00.002+07:00

Create a New User Profile in Windows XP Professional

1.	Log on as the Administrator or as a user with administrator credentials.
2.	Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
3.	Click User Accounts.
4.	Click the Advanced tab, and then click Advanced.
5.	In the left pane, click the Users folder.
6.	On the Action menu, click New User.
7.	Enter the appropriate user information, and then click Create.

Create a New User Profile in Windows XP Home Edition

1.	Log on as the Administrator or as a user with administrator credentials.
2.	Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
3.	Click User Accounts.
4.	Under Pick a task, click Create a new account.
5.	Type a name for the user information, and then click Next.
6.	Click an account type, and then click Create Account.

Copy Files to the New User Profile

Log on as a user other than the user whose profile you are copying files to or from.

In Windows Explorer, click Tools, click Folder Options, click the View tab, click Show hidden files and folders, click to clear the Hide protected operating system files check box, and then click OK.

Locate the C:\Documents and Settings\Old_Username folder, where C is the drive on which Windows XP is installed, and Old_Username is the name of the profile you want to copy user data from.

Press and hold down the CTRL key while you click each file and subfolder in this folder, except the following files:

•	Ntuser.dat
•	Ntuser.dat.log
•	Ntuser.ini

On the Edit menu, click Copy.

Locate the C:\Documents and Settings\New_Username folder, where C is the drive on which Windows XP is installed, and New_Username is the name of the user profile that you created in the "Create a New User Profile" section.

On the Edit menu, click Paste.

Log off the computer, and then log on as the new user.

Note You must import your e-mail messages and addresses to the new user profile before you delete the old profile.

How to Manually Remove Programs from the Add or Remove Programs Tool

2008-02-20T16:51:00.001+07:00

MORE INFORMATION

The Currently installed programs list in the Add or Remove Programs tool lists all of the Windows-compatible programs that have an uninstall program or feature. Occasionally, a program may not be removed completely, and the registry key that is used to display the program in the Currently installed programs list remains. In this situation, you may need to manually remove the program from the Currently installed programs list in Add or Remove Programs. To do this, follow these steps.

WARNING: If you use Registry Editor incorrectly, you may cause serious problems that may require you to reinstall your operating system. Microsoft cannot guarantee that you can solve problems that result from using Registry Editor incorrectly. Use Registry Editor at your own risk.

Click Start, and then click Run.

In the Open box, type regedt32, and then click OK.

In Registry Editor, locate the following registry key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall

In the left pane, click the Uninstall registry key, and then click Export on the File menu.

In the Export Registry File dialog box that appears, click Desktop in the Save in list, type uninstall in the File name box, and then click Save.

Each key listed under Uninstall in the left pane of Registry Editor represents a program that is displayed in the Currently installed programs list of the Add or Remove Programs tool. To determine which program that each key represents, click the key, and then view the following values in the details pane on the right:

DisplayName: The value data for the DisplayName key is the name that is listed in Add or Remove Programs.

-and-

UninstallString: The value data for the UninstallString key is the program that is used to uninstall the program.

After you identify the registry key that represents the program that you removed but which is still displayed in the Currently installed programs list of Add or Remove Programs, right-click the key in the left pane of the Registry Editor window, and then click Delete.

Click Yes in response to the "Are you sure you want to delete this key and all of its subkeys?" message.

On the File menu, click Exit to quit Registry Editor.

Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs.

In the Currently installed programs list, verify that the program whose registry key you deleted is no longer listed.

10.

Do one of the following:

•	If the program list is not correct in Add or Remove Programs, double-click the Uninstall.reg file that you saved to your desktop in step 5 to restore the original list of programs in the registry. -or-
•	If the program list is correct in Add or Remove Programs, right-click the Uninstall.reg file on your desktop, and then click Delete.

Disk Cleanup Tool in Windows XP

2008-02-20T15:28:00.003+07:00

MORE INFORMATION

The Disk Cleanup tool helps you free up space on your hard disk by searching your disk for files that you can safely delete. You can choose to delete some or all of the files. Use Disk Cleanup to perform any of the following tasks to free up space on your hard disk:

•	Remove temporary Internet files.
•	Remove downloaded program files. For example, ActiveX controls and Java applets that are downloaded from the Internet.
•	Empty the Recycle Bin.
•	Remove Windows temporary files.
•	Remove optional Windows components that you are not using.
•	Remove installed programs that you no longer use.

You can start Disk Cleanup, by doing any of the following:

•	Click Start, and then click Run. In the Open box, type cleanmgr, and then click OK. -or-
•	Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, point to System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. -or-
•	In Windows Explorer or My Computer, right-click the disk in which you want to free up space, click Properties, click the General tab, and then click Disk Cleanup.

Remove Files Stored on Your Hard Disk

To remove files stored on your hard disk that you no longer use, follow these steps:

1.	Click Start, and then click My Computer.
2.	Right-click the disk in which you want to free up space, and then click Properties.
3.	Click the General tab, and then click Disk Cleanup.
4.	Click the Disk Cleanup tab (if it is not already selected), click to select the check boxes next to the files that you want to remove, and then click OK.
5.	Click Yes to the proceed with this action, and then click OK.

Remove Windows Components

To remove Windows components that you are not using, follow these steps:

Click Start, and then click My Computer.

Right-click the disk in which you want to free up space, and then click Properties.

Click the General tab, and then click Disk Cleanup.

Click the More Options tab, and then under Windows components, click Clean up.

The Windows Components Wizard starts.

In the Components list, click to clear the check box next to the component(s) that you want to remove.

•	A shaded check box next to a component indicates that only some of its subcomponents are installed. If you want to remove a subcomponent, click Details, click to clear the check box next to the subcomponent(s) that you want to remove, and then click OK.

Click Next.

In the Completing the Windows Components Wizard page, click Finish.

Click OK, click Yes to proceed with this action, and then click OK.

Remove Installed Programs

To remove programs that you no longer use, follow these steps:

1.	Click Start, and then click My Computer.
2.	Right-click the disk in which you want to free up space, and then click Properties.
3.	Click the General tab, and then click Disk Cleanup.
4.	Click the More Options tab, and then under Installed programs, click Clean up. The Add or Remove Programs dialog box is displayed.
5.	In the Currently installed programs list, click the program that you want to remove, and then click Remove (or Change/Remove).
6.	If you receive a prompt to confirm the removal of the program, click Yes.
7.	Repeat step 5 and 6 to remove other programs that you no longer use, and then click Close.
8.	Click OK, click Yes to proceed with this action, and then click OK.

Remove Restore Points

To remove all restore points except the most recent restore point, follow these steps:

1.	Click Start, and then click My Computer.
2.	Right-click the disk in which you want to free up space, and then click Properties.
3.	Click the General tab, and then click Disk Cleanup.
4.	Click the More Options tab, and then under System Restore, click Clean up.
5.	Click Yes to remove all but the most recent restore point.
6.	Click OK, click Yes to proceed with this action, and then click OK.

Working with drive letter assignments in Windows XP

2008-02-20T15:20:00.001+07:00

How to assign a drive letter

To assign a drive letter to a drive, a partition, or a volume, follow these steps:

1.	Log on as Administrator or as a member of the Administrators group.
2.	Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Performance and Maintenance. Note If you do not see Performance and Maintenance, go to step 3. Performance and Maintenance appears in Control Panel only if you use Category view. If you use Classic view, Performance and Maintenance does not appear.
3.	Click Administrative Tools, double-click Computer Management, and then click Disk Management in the left pane.
4.	Right-click the drive, the partition, the logical drive, or the volume that you want to assign a drive letter to, and then click Change Drive Letter and Paths.
5.	Click Add.
6.	Click Assign the following drive letter if it is not already selected, and then either accept the default drive letter or click the drive letter that you want to use.
7.	Click OK.

The drive letter is assigned to the drive, to the partition, or to the volume that you specified, and then that drive letter appears in the appropriate drive, partition, or volume in the Disk Management tool.

How to change a drive letter

To change an existing drive letter on a drive, on a partition, or on a volume, follow these steps:

1.	Log on as Administrator or as a member of the Administrators group.
2.	Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Performance and Maintenance.
3.	Click Administrative Tools, double-click Computer Management, and then click Disk Management in the left pane.
4.	Right-click the drive, the partition, the logical drive, or the volume that you want to assign a drive letter to, and then click Change Drive Letter and Paths.
5.	Click Change.
6.	Click Assign the following drive letter if it is not already selected, click the drive letter that you want to use, and then click OK.
7.	Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the drive letter change.

The drive letter of the drive, the partition, or the volume that you specified is changed, and the new drive letter appears in the appropriate drive, partition, or volume in the Disk Management tool.

How to remove a drive letter

To remove an existing drive letter on a drive, on a partition, or on a volume, follow these steps:

1.	Log on as Administrator or as a member of the Administrators group.
2.	Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Performance and Maintenance.
3.	Click Administrative Tools, double-click Computer Management, and then click Disk Management in the left pane.
4.	Right-click the drive, the partition, the logical drive, or the volume that you want to assign a drive letter to, and then click Change Drive Letter and Paths.
5.	Click Remove.
6.	Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the removal.

The drive letter is removed from the drive, from the partition, or from the volume that you specified.

Keyboard Shortcuts in Windows XP

2008-02-20T11:53:00.003+07:00

General keyboard shortcuts

• CTRL+C (Copy)

• CTRL+X (Cut)

• CTRL+V (Paste)

• CTRL+Z (Undo)

• DELETE (Delete)

• SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)

• CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)

• CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)

• F2 key (Rename the selected item)

• CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)

• CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)

• CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)

• CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)

• CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)

• SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)

• CTRL+A (Select all)

• F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)

• ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)

• ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)

• ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)

• ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)

• CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)

• ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)

• ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)

• F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)

• F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)

• SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)

• ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)

• CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)

• ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)

• Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)

• F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)

• RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)

• LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)

• F5 key (Update the active window)

• BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)

• ESC (Cancel the current task)

• SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

• CTRL+SHIFT+ESC (Open Task Manager)

Dialog box keyboard shortcuts

If you press SHIFT+F8 in extended selection list boxes, you enable extended selection mode. In this mode, you can use an arrow key to move a cursor without changing the selection. You can press CTRL+SPACEBAR or SHIFT+SPACEBAR to adjust the selection. To cancel extended selection mode, press SHIFT+F8 again. Extended selection mode cancels itself when you move the focus to another control.• CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)

• CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)

• TAB (Move forward through the options)

• SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)

• ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)

• ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)

• SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)

• Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)

• F1 key (Display Help)

• F4 key (Display the items in the active list)

• BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft natural keyboard shortcuts

• Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)

• Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)

• Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)

• Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)

• Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)

• Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)

• Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)

• CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)

• Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)

• Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)

• Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)

• Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)

Accessibility keyboard shortcuts

• Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)

• Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)

• Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)

• SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)

• NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)

• Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)

Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts

• END (Display the bottom of the active window)

• HOME (Display the top of the active window)

• NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)

• NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)

• NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)

• LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)

• RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)

Shortcut keys for Character Map

After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts: • RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)

• LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)

• UP ARROW (Move up one row)

• DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)

• PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)

• PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)

• HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)

• END (Move to the end of the line)

• CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)

• CTRL+END (Move to the last character)

• SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) main window keyboard shortcuts

• CTRL+O (Open a saved console)

• CTRL+N (Open a new console)

• CTRL+S (Save the open console)

• CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)

• CTRL+W (Open a new window)

• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

• ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)

• ALT+F4 (Close the console)

• ALT+A (Display the Action menu)

• ALT+V (Display the View menu)

• ALT+F (Display the File menu)

• ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC console window keyboard shortcuts

• CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)

• ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)

• SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)

• F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)

• F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)

• CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)

• CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)

• ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)

• F2 key (Rename the selected item)

• CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote desktop connection navigation

• CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)

• ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)

• ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)

• ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)

• ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)

• CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)

• ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)

• CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

• CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer navigation

• CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)

• CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)

• CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)

• CTRL+H (Open the History bar)

• CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)

• CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)

• CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)

• CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)

• CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)

• CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)

• CTRL+W (Close the current window)

宏病毒

2008-02-20T10:52:00.000+07:00

宏病毒
是一种寄存在文档或模板的宏中的计算机病毒。一旦打开这样的文档，其中的宏就会被执行，于是宏病毒就会被激活，转移到计算机上，并驻留在 Normal 模板上。从此以后，所有自动保存的文档都会“感染”上这种宏病毒，而且如果其他用户打开了感染病毒的文档，宏病毒又会转移到他的计算机上。

什么是宏病毒

宏病毒是一些别有用心的人，利用Microsoft Office的开放性，即Word中提供的VBA编程接口，专门制作的一个或多个具有病毒特点的宏的集合。其特点是传播极快、制作变种方便、破坏性极大。

大多数宏病毒中含有自动宏或对文档读写操作的宏指令，以BFF（Binary File Format）的加密压缩格式存放在.doc或.dot文件中，每种Word版本格式可能不兼容。

目前发现的几种主要宏病毒有：Wazzu、Concept、13号病毒、Nuclear、July.killer(又名“七月杀手”)。

宏病毒是通过DOC文档及DOT模板进行自我复制及传播。DOC文件被宏病毒感染后，它的属性必然会被改为模板，而不是文档 (尽管形式上其扩展名仍是DOC)。一旦打开这样的文件，宏病毒就会被激活，转移到计算机上，并驻留在 Normal 模板上。从此以后，所有自动保存的文档都会“感染”上这种宏病毒。

查杀宏病毒

因为每个版本的Word BFF格式不完全一样，所以宏病毒在不同版本的Word中被压缩的格式和存放的位置都不同，所以，用杀毒软件杀除宏病毒，关键是杀毒后要能正确、安全地恢复文件参数。

笔者目前使用的是KV300杀毒软件，它的解毒方法有两种。

方法1：在Windows环境下执行kvw3000.exe，任选一可能存在宏病毒的子目录进行查杀。KV300在查出病毒后，为了安全起见，先将其扩展名改为.kv，然后再将原文件中的病毒杀除。

方法2：在DOS环境下，用干净的Windows 98系统软盘引导机器，运行KV300，出现主菜单后，按下可能存在宏病毒的盘符键，就会对宏病毒自动清除，精确地恢复了文件的参数，文件可正常地打开。

当你遇到来历不明的word文档提示有宏存在时,先用杀毒软件查杀一下,不可贸然打开,千万千万,切记切记

一、宏病毒的原理

病毒WORD/EXCEL宏病毒的特性较为相似，因此我们仅以WORD宏病毒为例，说明宏病毒的作用、传染以及发作的机理和特性。

宏病毒的产生，是利用了一些数据处理系统内置宏命令编程语言的特性而形成的。这些数据处理系统内置宏编程语言的存在使得宏病毒有机可乘，病毒可以把特定的宏命令代码附加在指定文件上，通过文件的打开或关闭来获取控制权，实现宏命令在不同文件之间的共享和传递，从而在未经使用者许可的情况下获取某种控制权，达到传染的目的。目前在可被宏病毒感染的系统中，以微软的Word、Excel居多。

二、宏病毒的作用机制

以Word为例，一旦病毒宏侵入WORD，它就会替代原有的正常宏，如FileOpen、FileSave、FileSaveAs和 FilePrint等等，并通过这些宏所关联的文件操作功能获取对文件交换的控制。当某项功能被调用时，相应的病毒宏就会纂夺控制权，实施病毒所定义的非法操作，包括传染操作、表现操作以及破坏操作等等。宏病毒在感染一个文档时，首先要把文档转换成模板格式，然后把所有病毒宏（包括自动宏）复制到该文档中。被转换成模板格式后的染毒文件无法转存为任何其它格式。含有自动宏的宏病毒染毒文档，当被其它电脑的WORD系统打开时，便会自动感染该电脑。例如，如果病毒捕获并修改了FileOpen,那么，它将感染每一个被打开的WORD文件。目前，几乎所有已知的宏病毒都沿用了相同的作用机理，即如果WORD系统在读取一个染毒文件时遭受感染，则其后所有新创建的DOC文件都会被感染。

三、宏病毒的主要类型

有些宏病毒对用户进行骚扰，但不破坏系统，比如说有一种宏病毒在每月的13日发作时显示出一5个数字连乘的心算数学题。有些宏病毒或使打印中途中断或打印出混乱信息，如Nuclear、Kompu等属此类。有些宏病毒将文档中的部分字符、文本进行替换。但也有些宏病毒极具破坏性，如MDMA.A，这种病毒既感染中文版Word，又感染英文版Word，发作时间是每月的1日。此病毒在不同的Windows平台上有不同的破坏性表现，轻则删除帮助文件，重则删除硬盘中的所有文件。另外还有一种双栖复合型宏病毒，发作可使计算机瘫痪。

四、宏病毒的预防与清除

1、预防

①将常用的Word模板文件改为只读属性，可防止Word系统被感染；DOS下的autoexec.bat和config .sys文件最好也都设为只读属性文件。

②因为宏病毒是通过自动执行宏的方式来激活、进行传染破坏的，所以只要将自动执行宏功能禁止掉，即使有宏病毒存在，但无法被激活，也无法发作传染、破坏，这样就起到了防毒的效果。可以使用下面命令行来使所有自动宏无效：winword.exe/mDisableAutoMacros

2、清除

①手工：以Word为例，选取“工具”菜单中“宏”一项，进入“管理器”，选取标题为“宏”的一页，在“宏有效范围”下拉列表框中打开要检查的文档。这时在上面的列表框中就会出现该文档模板中所含的宏，将不明来源的自动执行宏删除即可。

②使用专业杀毒软件：目前杀毒软件公司都具备清除宏病毒的能力，当然也只能对已知的宏病毒进行检查和清除, 对于新出现的病毒或病毒的变种则可能不能正常地清除，或者将会破坏文件的完整性，此时还是手工清理为妙。

本节介绍几种常见的宏病毒。
13.2.1 Concept 病毒（又称Prank）
当第一次发现Word 感染该病毒时，会出现一个对话框，对话框中的文本只有一个“1”，按钮也只有一个“OK”键（在中文环境中为“确定”键）。病毒加载之后，就会修改【文件】菜单的【保存】命令所代表的宏，然后在每次保存文件的时候，就会将病毒保存到文件中。
受此病毒感染后，所编辑的文档只能按模板格式保存。Concept 病毒不会造成文件数据丢失。其症状是Word 的Normal 模板中会出现两个名字为AAAZAO 和AAAZFS 的宏命令，如图13-1 所示。另外还有一个PayLoad 宏，该宏只包含一句话“这足以证明我的观点（That’s enough to prove my point.）”，而不做其他事情。
虽然Concept 在这个宏里面没有包含任何内容，但是任何一个对宏有一定了解的人都可以修改这个宏，做一些可怕的事情，例如删除某些文件，修改磁盘上的一些关键参数或生成另外的一个更可怕的病毒。因此，虽然可以认为Concept 是良性病毒，但是必须注意，它随时都可以变成恶性病毒（这也是其他病毒发展的必然过程）。

13.2.2 Nuclear 病毒
该病毒会对文档打印功能造成破坏，并会破坏MS-DOS 系统文件。感染该病毒后，Word 的Normal 模板将出现以下宏命令：AutoExec、 AutoOpen、DropSuriv、FileExit、FilePrint、FilePrintDefault、 FileSaveAs、InsertPayLoad、PayLoad，如图13-2 所示。

Nuclear 宏病毒可能造成以下危害：
（1）如果在任何时间的55~57 秒之间操作文件，病毒会在打印的文档上加入“STOP ALL FRENCH NUCLEAR TESTING IN THE PACIFIC （停止法国在太平洋的所有核试验）”这句话。
（2）如果在下午5 点~6 点（系统时间）打开感染了Nuclear 病毒的文件，这台计算机将被PH33R 病毒感染，PH33R 病毒会产生一个 DOS 驻留程序。
（3）每年4 月5 日，Nuclear 病毒会将计算机中的IO.SYS 和 MSDOS.SYS 两个文件的长度置为零，并删除COMMOND.COM 文件，使 DOS 无法启动。

13.2.3 DMV 病毒
该病毒与Concept 病毒类似，使Word 中的【另存为】命令无效

13.2.4 宏病毒的一些变种
从第一个宏病毒Concept 诞生到1998 年底，Word 宏病毒已经出现了几千个变种，其中不少是恶性病毒，但是万变不离其宗，所有的病毒都需要在宏里面增加一个名字为“AutoLoad”的宏，下面介绍一些另外常见的宏病毒。
1. Alliance
感染.DOC 和.DOT 文件，仅在每月的2、7、11 和12 日感染和复制，并且屏幕显示一个信息窗，提示用户已感染病毒。
2. Boom
感染德文板的MS Word 软件的.DOC 和NORMAL.DOT 文件，每年的 3 月13 日13 时13 分13 秒发作，发作时胡乱更改菜单，显示政治笑话。
3. Clock：DE
感染德文板的MS Word 软件，在每月的1、2、13、21 和27 日，每个整点过后的5 分钟发作，发作时将文件打开和存取功能交替颠倒，并产生混乱。
4. Concept.F
基于Concept 病毒原型的宏病毒，病毒经过自身加密，在每月的 16 日发作，发作时分别用“，”、“e”和“not”替换文本中所有的“.”、“a”和“and”，并且屏幕显示一个信息窗，提示用户已感染病毒。
5. Concept.L
感染.DOC 和.DOT 文件，每月的17 日发作，发作时将删除“C：” 根目录下的有关文件，并且屏幕显示一个信息窗，提示用户已感染病毒。
6. Helper
感染.DOC 和.DOT 文件，在每月的10 日发作，发作时所有经过打开和创建操作后关闭的文件将被设置一个加密口令。
7. Kompu
该病毒是一个使用了加密、隐性技术的宏病毒。感染.DOC 和.DOT 文件，在每月的6 日和8 日发作。发作时在屏幕上显示一个信息窗，提示用户输入口令，用户必须输入“KOMM”以关闭此窗口，否则，病毒将通过打印机打印出混乱的信息。
8. MDMA.A
每月的1 日发作，可感染多种操作系统（Windows、Windows 95、 Macintosh 和Windows NT），在Windows 3.x 下发作时，会在 AUTOEXEC.BAT 文件中加入“deltree /Y C:”的恶意指令，后果严重。
9. MDMA.C
上述病毒的一个变种，每月的20 日后的任何一天都可能发作，可感染Windows、Windows 95 和Windows NT，设置密码口令，删除 C:\Windows\system\*.CPL 文件。
10. Nuclear.B
有三种可能的发作方式：
（1）4 月5 日，删除Command.com 文件。
（2）17~18 日使用，释放一个DOS 的可执行文件病毒PH33R.1332。
（3）在某时某分的54~59 秒间打印文件时，将会加入下面一行文字：“STOP ALL FRENCH NUCLEAR TESTING IN THE PACIFIC（停止法国在太平洋的所有核试验）”。
11. Phardera
发作时屏幕显示一个信息窗，干扰用户正常工作，同时从【工期】菜单中删除【宏】和【自定义】命令，阻碍用户手工杀毒。
12. Saver:DE
德文版宏病毒，4 月21 日发作。
13. Taiwan.Theatre
双字节宏病毒，每月的1 日发作，破坏系统硬盘数据。
14. TW-No.1（台湾1 号）
每月的13 日发作，发作时在屏幕上显示一个窗口，要求用户做4 位数连乘，若做错，将连续打开窗口，让用户继续做题，由于系统资源不断消耗，系统运行速度将越来越慢。

重装XP系统之前必须进行的备份

2008-02-20T10:26:00.001+07:00

杀毒软件病毒库的备份

即便是号称目前最稳定的操作系统，WinXP也会由于各种天灾人祸，如软件损坏、病毒侵袭、黑客骚扰，甚或是我们自己的误操作而造成崩溃的危险在时刻威胁着我们。系统崩溃或产生了重大错误以后，最好的办法就是重装系统，但是，在重装之前，我们首先应该做哪些工作呢?大家一定会说:“备份!”然而，我们应该备份哪些东西呢?

本人因为很多原因也重装过好多次系统，这次给大家例举出来，希望给大家备份的时候提个醒，别忘了重要数据。

一、病毒库的备份

1.卡巴的备份

1、Kaspersky（一直都很喜欢它）

（1）卡巴5.0

病毒库位置在“系统盘:Documents and SettingsAll UsersApplication DataKaspersky Anti-Virus Personal5.0Bases”下，重装系统前备份到别处，重装后在卡巴的“设置－配置－更新－更新类型”中选择“从本地文件夹”（备份文件夹）就可以升级到原来的病毒库了。

（2）卡巴6.0

一般情况下，卡巴的病毒库放在此文件目录里：C:Documents and SettingsAll UsersApplication DataKaspersky Lab 只需要把AVP6备份到其他的盘（Application Data文件夹的属性是隐藏，要修改才能找到），然后在还原或重装后，把你备份AVP6覆盖到这个目录下就可以了。（注意关掉卡巴的自我保护，否则有可能不能复制进去）。然后退出卡巴，再进入卡巴，他会提醒你重新启动电脑以完成更新，这样就可以方便的把以前更新过的病毒库再直接使用（记得开启“自我保护”）！若不按以上内容备份，那你的病毒库将被还原在你以前设还原点的那个地方，你将重新更新病毒库，时间会长些！

顺便说一下：卡巴斯基dmp文件是由于卡巴斯基程序中断后生成的临时文件，可以放心删除，丝毫不影响使用。

2、Norton Antivirus

病毒库位置在“系统盘:Program FilesCoMMon FilesSymantec SharedVirusDefs”下，备份里面最新的一个以时间命名的文件夹，重装系统后，将备份文件夹copy到“系统盘:Program FilesCommon FilesSymantec SharedVirusDefsincoming”下，重新启动Norton即可。

3、McAFee（现在用的人也不少啊）

病毒库位置在“系统盘:Program FilesCommon FilesNetwork AssociatesEngine”目录中，备份其中的三个dat文件，重装系统后，将这三个备份的dat文件copy回“系统盘:Program FilesCommon FilesNetwork AssociatesEngine”目录，重启即可。

4、瑞星

备份：“工具－制作硬盘安装备份”，选择好目录即可备份正在使用的版本，重装后，打开备份目录，运行其中的“setup.exe”就能恢复到重装前的最新版本。

5、KV3000

病毒库在安装目录的Temp目录下，备份该文件夹，重装后，一次选择“工具－设置－升级”，选择“从局域网升级”，选择备份的目录，点“立即升级”即可。

6、金山毒霸

病毒库在安装目录的“UPDATE”文件夹中，备份该文件夹，重装后，一次选择“在线升级－从本地、局域网升级”，选择备份的文件夹即可。

系统注册表的备份

二、备份注册表

注册表中存放着计算机的所有设置和各种软硬件的注册信息，所以它的重要性是不言自明的，因而及时备份注册表是一项极其重要的工作。备份方法很简单，只需在“运行”对话框中输入“Regedit”并回车，然后在“注册表编辑器”中选择“注册表”菜单下的“导出”命令就行了，当然别忘了将这个备份的注册表文件存放在非系统分区中。或者直接将C:Windows目录中的User.dat和System.dat两个文件复制出来也能达到备份注册表的目的。

好多软件的注册表内容在HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftware和HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftware之下,具体情况请大家仔细查找，不再详细谈，提醒一下，因为注册表比较复杂，希望不是很懂的人不要随便乱动！

其实像我们这一类的用的大多数都是盗版软件，就没有这个必要了，当然了，如果你花了好多钱买了正版软件，千万要记住他的CD-KEY啊！

三、备份驱动程序

重装WinXP系统后，就需安装各种硬件的驱动程序，而查找、安装各类显卡、声卡的驱动实在是一大麻烦，如果丢失了驱动光盘，那更会让我们急得如“热锅上的蚂蚁”一般。此时，“驱动程序备份专家”就能帮助我们解决这个问题，它可以快速检测计算机中的所有硬件设备，提取并备份硬件设备的驱动程序。它还附带了一个INF脚本安装器，可以简化硬件设备的安装过程，当我们需要重新安装WinXP 系统时，这些提取出来的驱动程序将派上大用场。

“驱动程序备份专家”的操作非常简单，只需在其主界面中点击“快速收集”按钮，选择某个硬件设备后点击“备份”按钮，再指定备份文件的存放路径及文件名，点击“开始”按钮就行了。而如果想更快捷地备份全部的驱动，那么就可以依次点击“快速收集”、“备份全部”按钮，这样，系统中所有的驱动就将被全部 “克隆”出来。需要提醒的是，在备份全部驱动的过程中，请不要按任何键或按钮。

本人用的windows优化大师，也有这个功能。

四、备份邮件帐号

许多上网的朋友都拥有多个邮件帐号，对于它们的备份工作，我们可以借助于注册表，在注册表中依次展开到HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftInternet Account ManagerAccounts分支，如果OE中有五个邮件帐号，那么在Accounts键下就会有00000001～00000005五个子键(如图 3)。点击“Accounts键，在菜单中选择“注册表-导出”命令，在“导出范围”中选择“选择的分支”，输入备份文件名，按“确定”按钮即可将它们备份出来。

五、备份个人资料

勿庸置疑，个人资料是计算机用户最重要的数据，它包括个人文件、下载资料、个人邮件、OICQ或ICQ数据等。

尤其是“我的文档”。关于个人上论坛的用户名和密码，各自要保护好哦~~

对于个人文件、下载资料的备份来说，我们只需将它们复制到硬盘的非系统分区或刻录到光盘等地方就行了。

对于个人邮件的备份来说，如果使用的是Outlook Express，那么，就应该将“C:Documents and SettingsUser nameLocal SettingsApplication DataIdentities{数字串}MicrosoftOutlook Express”目录中的“收件箱.dbx”和“发件箱.dbx”两个文件复制到非系统区。

当然，最好是平时就将邮件位置自定义到其它地方，具体的步骤是:依次单击“工具”-“选项”-“维护”-“存储文件夹”，改为希望备份的邮件目录即可。而对于备份Fox mail邮件来说则比较简单，只需将Fox mail安装目录下的Mail子目录中的文件复制到非系统区就行了。

至于QQ，个人觉得在安装的时候，别放在C盘，因为这一类的软件复制过来就能用，重装了只要新建一个快捷方式即可，像这一类的软件还有TTplay（千千静听），KMplay，WINrar，kugoo（酷狗），bitcomet（bt软件）。

IE收藏夹已经个人数据的备份

六、备份IE收藏夹

IE收藏夹中的BOOKMARKS存放在X:Documents and Settings用户名Favorites目录中的许多URL链接，把它们复制出来即可完成备份工作，而当重新安装好系统后再将其复制到原来的目录下即可完成恢复。除此以外，我们还可以利用IE的“导出”功能、改变收藏夹存放路径来实现备份。

利用IE的“导出”功能:当您整理完收藏夹后，选择IE“文件”菜单下的“导入和导出”命令，点击“下一步”按钮后，选择“导出收藏夹”项，再次点击“下一步”按钮，然后按照提示输入备份文件存放的路径及文件名即可。

改变收藏夹存放路径:在注册表编辑器中展开到HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorerShell Folders分支，在右窗口中找到“Favorites”键值项，双击它后，在“数据数值”中输入“E:favorites”即可。这样，以后收藏夹中的内容都存放到了E区中(如果E区是非系统区)。

七、备份系统分区

备份系统分区，一个是用Ghost备份整个系统盘，另外一个方法是使用WinXP自带的“系统还原”功能来备份。这些方法以及应注意的问题在好多论坛的帖子里都有所述及，这里就不赘述了。

有了以上各个方面的备份工作，相信广大的计算机用户对于“系统崩溃”就再也不会“胆颤心惊”了!为了系统的安全，也为了每个人的心血，请做好数据的备份工作，未雨绸缪，防患未然。

最后想说一下关于：如何备份WinXP系统升级补丁

再网上搜了一下，方法不是非常的爽，可能有点勉强，不过可以试试：

可以尝试使用一些小软件来帮助升级和备份系统补丁。推荐你使用WUtool这个软件可以帮助你安装和备份系统补丁，而且使用很简单。软件可以http://www.onlinedown.net/soft/21882.htm下载。（如果地址失效了，可以搜索一下）这里简单说一下这个软件的使用方法，安装完成后软件会自动打开Microsoft Windows Update，你按照以往的方法按部就班的进行升级，Microsoft Windows Update下载完成后，在进行安装时选择“取消”，然后进入WUtool的安装界面。选择“File→Install updates→All Enabled”，即可自动安装所有更新程序。也可以选中要安装的程序，在右键菜单上选择“Install→Selection”，进行逐一安装。而刚才下载的补丁文件则可以在C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorMy DocumentsWUtooLWUtooL_files文件夹中找到。

第二种方法：妙用Windows Update加快系统升级速度

如果你是局域网用户，且局域网中的某台电脑已经更新到最新状态，那么可以在这台电脑的“%systemroot%Windows” 下找到“Windows Update.log” 文件(“%systemroot%”为系统安装的盘符，一般为“C:”)，用记事本打开该文件，可以看到里面包含了所有更新过的程序记录，其中格式形如http://download.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update.../耸.exe”的链接就是补丁程序的下载地址。新建一个文本文件，命名为“Update.lst”，再将日志中记录的下载地址按照每行一个地址的格式复制到该文本文件中，启动FlashGet下载工具，点击“文件→导入列表”命令，选择“Update.lst”即可。当任务全部下载完成后，按照日志中记录的顺序(通常是从上往下)逐个双击并安装补丁即可。

如果是单机用户，先点击“开始→Windows Update”命令，然后在打开的页面左边列表中点击“扫描以寻找更新”，再点击“复查并安装更新”查看需要更新那些补丁。接下来再点击“立即安装”按钮，当出现开始下载补丁的对话框后，选择“取消”,接下来就可以在资源管理器中找到“%systemroot%Windows”目录下的“Windows Update.log”文件了!再按照以上所说的方法将补丁程序下载并安装即可。

其实，当系统自动更新完毕后，那些补丁程序已经下载到本地磁盘的临时文件夹中了，具体的位置在“Windows update.log”日志文件中也有记录，如果没有删除这些文件，就可以根据所记录的临时文件夹找到这些补丁程序。

系统自动重启应该考虑的问题

2008-02-20T10:12:00.000+07:00

软硬件排疑

电脑自动重启应该考虑的问题如下：

一、软件方面

1．病毒

“冲击波”病毒发作时还会提示系统将在60秒后自动启动。

木马程序从远程控制你计算机的一切活动，包括让你的计算机重新启动。

清除病毒，木马，或重装系统。

2．系统文件损坏

系统文件被破坏，如Win2K下的KERNEL32.DLL，Win98 FONTS目录下面的字体等系统运行时基本的文件被破坏，系统在启动时会因此无法完成初始化而强迫重新启动。

解决方法：覆盖安装或重新安装。

3．定时软件或计划任务软件起作用

如果你在“计划任务栏”里设置了重新启动或加载某些工作程序时，当定时时刻到来时，计算机也会再次启动。对于这种情况，我们可以打开“启动”项，检查里面有没有自己不熟悉的执行文件或其他定时工作程序，将其屏蔽后再开机检查。当然，我们也可以在“运行”里面直接输入“Msconfig”命令选择启动项。

二、硬件方面

1．机箱电源功率不足、直流输出不纯、动态反应迟钝。

用户或装机商往往不重视电源，采用价格便宜的电源，因此是引起系统自动重启的最大嫌疑之一。

①电源输出功率不足，当运行大型的3D游戏等占用CPU资源较大的软件时，CPU需要大功率供电时，电源功率不够而超载引起电源保护，停止输出。电源停止输出后，负载减轻，此时电源再次启动。由于保护/恢复的时间很短，所以给我们的表现就是主机自动重启。

②电源直流输出不纯，数字电路要求纯直流供电，当电源的直流输出中谐波含量过大，就会导致数字电路工作出错，表现是经常性的死机或重启。

③CPU的工作负载是动态的，对电流的要求也是动态的，而且要求动态反应速度迅速。有些品质差的电源动态反应时间长，也会导致经常性的死机或重启。

④更新设备（高端显卡/大硬盘/视频卡），增加设备（刻录机/硬盘）后，功率超出原配电源的额定输出功率，就会导致经常性的死机或重启。

解决方法：现换高质量大功率计算机电源。

内存芯片损坏错误排疑

2．内存热稳定性不良、芯片损坏或者设置错误

内存出现问题导致系统重启致系统重启的几率相对较大。

①内存热稳定性不良，开机可以正常工作，当内存温度升高到一定温度，就不能正常工作，导致死机或重启。

②内存芯片轻微损坏时，开机可以通过自检（设置快速启动不全面检测内存），也可以进入正常的桌面进行正常操作，当运行一些I/O吞吐量大的软件（媒体播放、游戏、平面/3D绘图）时就会重启或死机。

解决办法：更换内存。

③把内存的CAS值设置得太小也会导致内存不稳定，造成系统自动重启。一般最好采用BIOS的缺省设置，不要自己改动。

3．CPU的温度过高或者缓存损坏

①CPU温度过高常常会引起保护性自动重启。温度过高的原因基本是由于机箱、CPU散热不良，CPU散热不良的原因有：散热器的材质导热率低，散热器与CPU接触面之间有异物（多为质保帖），风扇转速低，风扇和散热器积尘太多等等。还有P2/P3主板CPU下面的测温探头损坏或P4 CPU内部的测温电路损坏，主板上的BIOS有BUG在某一特殊条件下测温不准，CMOS中设置的CPU保护温度过低等等也会引起保护性重启。

②CPU内部的一、二级缓存损坏是CPU常见的故障。损坏程度轻的，还是可以启动，可以进入正常的桌面进行正常操作，当运行一些I/O吞吐量大的软件（媒体播放、游戏、平面/3D绘图）时就会重启或死机。

解决办法：在CMOS中屏蔽二级缓存（L2）或一级缓存（L1），或更换CPU排除。

4．AGP显卡、PCI卡（网卡、猫）引起的自动重启

①外接卡做工不标准或品质不良，引发AGP/PCI总线的RESET信号误动作导致系统重启。

②还有显卡、网卡松动引起系统重启的事例。

5. 并口、串口、USB接口接入有故障或不兼容的外部设备时自动重启

①外设有故障或不兼容，比如打印机的并口损坏，某一脚对地短路，USB设备损坏对地短路，针脚定义、信号电平不兼容等等。

②热插拔外部设备时，抖动过大，引起信号或电源瞬间短路。

6．光驱内部电路或芯片损坏

光驱损坏，大部分表现是不能读盘/刻盘。也有因为内部电路或芯片损坏导致主机在工作过程中突然重启。光驱本身的设计不良，FireWare有Bug。也会在读取光盘时引起重启。

7．机箱前面板RESET开关问题

机箱前面板RESET键实际是一个常开开关，主板上的RESET信号是+5V电平信号，连接到RESET开关。当开关闭合的瞬间，+5V电平对地导通，信号电平降为0V，触发系统复位重启，RESET开关回到常开位置，此时RESET信号恢复到+5V电平。如果RESET键损坏，开关始终处于闭合位置，RESET信号一直是0V，系统就无法加电自检。当RESET开关弹性减弱，按钮按下去不易弹起时，就会出现开关稍有振动就易于闭合。从而导致系统复位重启。

解决办法：更换RESET开关。

还有机箱内的RESET开关引线短路，导致主机自动重启。

8. 主板故障

主板导致自动重启的事例很少见。一般是与RESET相关的电路有故障；插座、插槽有虚焊，接触不良；个别芯片、电容等元件损害。

三、其他原因

1．市电电压不稳

①计算机的开关电源工作电压范围一般为170V－240V，当市电电压低于170V时，计算机就会自动重启或关机。

解决方法：加稳压器（不是UPS）或130－260V的宽幅开关电源。

②电脑和空调、冰箱等大功耗电器共用一个插线板的话，在这些电器启动的时候，供给电脑的电压就会受到很大的影响，往往就表现为系统重启。

解决办法就是把他们的供电线路分开。

2．强磁干扰

不要小看电磁干扰，许多时候我们的电脑死机和重启也是因为干扰造成的，这些干扰既有来自机箱内部CPU风扇、机箱风扇、显卡风扇、显卡、主板、硬盘的干扰，也有来自外部的动力线，变频空调甚至汽车等大型设备的干扰。如果我们主机的搞干扰性能差或屏蔽不良，就会出现主机意外重启或频繁死机的现象。

3、交流供电线路接错

有的用户把供电线的零线直接接地（不走电度表的零线），导致自动重启，原因是从地线引入干扰信号。

4．插排或电源插座的质量差，接触不良。

电源插座在使用一段时间后，簧片的弹性慢慢丧失，导致插头和簧片之间接触不良、电阻不断变化，电流随之起伏，系统自然会很不稳定，一旦电流达不到系统运行的最低要求，电脑就重启了。解决办法，购买质量过关的好插座。

5. 积尘太多导致主板RESET线路短路引起自动重启。

其他原因

四、部分实例

1. CPU二级缓存坏的实例

一台几年前配置的兼容机：K6-2 200MHz CPU，采用VX-Pro+芯片组的主板，两根16MB 72线EDO内存，

Windows 98操作系统。在出现蓝天白云画面后自动重启，安全模式同样无法进入，只能进入MS-DOS模式。笔者猜想由于内存条质量问题导致电脑重启的可能性较大，所以首先更换同型号内存条测试，故障依旧。再更换电源仍无法解决问题。排除到最后只剩下主板、CPU和显卡，试过显卡没有问题后，苦于找不到能安装K6-2 200MHz CPU的旧主板只能作罢。

当时也怀疑过BIOS设置可能有误，试过恢复到缺省值，也未能解决问题。过了几天，再次摆弄电脑时，无意进入BIOS并将CPU Internal Cache一项设为Disable，保存退出后重启，系统竟然可以启动了！由此估计应当是CPU的缓存有问题，于是再将缓存设置为打开状态并启动电脑，果然系统又不能正常启动了。由于将缓存关闭后大幅度降低了CPU的性能，所以Windows 98在启动和运行程序时比以往慢了许多，最后换了一块CPU才算解决问题

2. 电源故障的实例

笔者上班的地方计算机每天都要开着（因为上网的人多），十天半月不关机是常事。在如此高的工作强度下，硬件设备的故障率也很高。

故障现象：两台兼容机，一台CPU为Athlon XP 1700+，一台CPU为P4 1.7GHz，主机电源均为世纪之星电源。当计算机处于满负荷状态运行一段时间后（此时CPU使用率保持在100%，硬盘也在大量读写数据），经常性地自动重启。其中一台在挂接一块60GB硬盘和一块80GB硬盘时，出现供电不足的现象。

故障分析处理：由于这两台计算机平时用于文档编辑、上网等一般工作时正常，只有进行大量计算时才出问题。开始怀疑是CPU温度过高所致，但检测表明温度正常。检查硬盘发现，其中一块硬盘出现了坏道，但是在更换硬盘重装系统后故障依旧，看来硬盘出现坏道很可能是计算机经常非正常重启导致的。在更换新电源后，故障消失。

拆开两个旧电源，发现其中一个电源的两个相同型号的电解电容（3300μF/10V）顶端有黄褐色的颗粒状凝结物，另一个电源的两个不同型号的电解电容（1000μF/16V，3300μF/16V）顶端也有黄褐色的颗粒状凝结物，这是电容被击穿漏液所导致的。在电子市场花钱购买了相同型号的电容更换后，经测试均恢复正常。这里提醒一下，千万别把电容正负极接反了！事后分析发现，笔者单位电网常因检修或用电不当突然停电，导致配件上的电容被击穿，一块主板也曾经在一次突然停电后罢工，检查发现几个大电解电容被击穿漏液，更换电容后恢复正常。

3. 显卡接触不良的实例

故障现象：朋友电脑配置为明基BenQ 77G的显示器、技嘉8IRX的主板、P4 1.6G CPU、80G硬盘、小影霸速配3000显卡、全向极云飞瀑内猫、主板自带AC97的声卡。因装修房子，要挪动电脑，就把电脑后的连线都拆了。后来自己接好线后，电脑却怎么也启动不起来了。电脑自检正常，闪过主板LOGO后，出现WINDOWS 98启动画面，接着光标闪动，一切很正常，可是约摸着快要进入系统的时候，电脑突然“嘀”的一声重启动了，重新启动几次都是这样。

故障分析：笔者的这位朋友是个纯纯的“菜鸟”，初步判断可能是一般性的接线问题，很有可能是鼠标和键盘接反导致的。先是检查了一遍电脑接线，没有问题，会不会是接线松动呢？重新把所有电脑连线接了一遍

故障依旧。启动时选安全模式能进入系统，运行也正常，重启后进入BIOS里查看CPU温度，在正常范围内，排除因CPU过热导致的重启。朋友也没安装新的硬件，故排除电源供电不足导致重启现象。引起故障的原因可能有以

下四个方面：一是软件冲突；二是显示分辨率或刷新率设置高于额定的值；三是显卡和其它硬件冲突、或驱动程序问题导致；四是显卡故障。

故障排除：问朋友发生故障前对机器进行了哪些操作？朋友说拆机前一直都用的很好，没有安装过新软件。没有蛛丝马迹，只有从上面的四个可能的故障原因里排查。重启后，进入安全模式，运行msconfig命令，把启动项里不是操作系统所必需的项都去掉，重启后，故障依旧。看来不是软件安装导致的。接下来看看是不是分辨率和刷新率过高，在安全模式下，将监视器删除，重启动，故障依旧。最后问题都集中在显卡身上了。再次进入安全模式，删除显卡驱动程序，重启动后，跳过显卡驱动安装，能进入正常启动模式，看来故障是驱动程序的问题或显卡与其它硬件冲突引起的了。下载一个新的驱动看能不能解决这个问题呢？拨号上网，机器突然又重启了，难道猫也坏了吗？这可怎么办，真的山穷水复了吗？这台电脑是因为拆了以后就启不起来了，显卡和猫总不会因搬一下机器就坏了吧？想到搬运机器，是不是因为拆装电脑时把显卡碰松导致接触不良而引起的故障呢？抱着最后试一试的心理，打开机箱，将显卡和猫拔出重新插紧安好，装好显卡驱动，重启，竟然看到美丽的桌面了，试着拨号，也没问题了，故障排除了。原来故障是显卡接触不良的导致。

小结：以上显卡接触不良导致电脑不能进入系统故障，现象有点类似显卡故障的症状，如果不从细小问题入手，还真难一时半会解决，甚至会怀疑是硬件故障，而大费周折。不可能是别的问题了。

禁止更改桌面及设置

2008-02-20T10:00:00.001+07:00

Windows XP的桌面就像你的办公桌一样，有时需要进行整理和清洁。有了组策略编辑器之后，这项工作将变得易如反掌，只要在“本地计算机策略”中展开“用户配置→管理模板→桌面”分支，即可在右侧窗口中显示相应的策略选项。

1)隐藏桌面的系统图标

倘若隐藏桌面上的系统图标，传统的方法是通过采用修改注册表的方式来实现，这势必造成一定的风险性，采用组策略编辑器，即可方便快捷地达到此目的。

若要隐藏桌面上的“网上邻居”和“Internet EXPlorer”图标，只要在右侧窗口中将“隐藏桌面上网上邻居图标”和“隐藏桌面上的Internet EXPlorer图标”两个策略选项启用即可。如果隐藏桌面上的所有图标，只要将“隐藏和禁用桌面上的所有项目”启用即可。当启用了“删除桌面上的我的文档图标”和“删除桌面上的我的电脑图标”两个选项以后，“我的电脑”和“我的文档”图标将从你的电脑桌面上消失了。如果在桌面上你不再喜欢“回收站”这个图标，那么也可以把它给删除，具体方法是将“从桌面删除回收站”策略项启用。

2)禁止对桌面的某些更改

如果你不希望别人随意改变计算机桌面的设置，请在右侧窗口中将“退出时不保存设置”这个策略选项启用。当你启用这个了设置以后，其他用户可以对桌面做某些更改，但有些更改，诸如图标和打开窗口的位置、任务栏的位置及大小在用户注销后都无法保存。

打造清爽系统让Win XP桌面无文字

2008-02-20T09:50:00.004+07:00

我们都习惯在桌面上放不少快捷方式，这里面很多都是我们非常熟悉的。快捷方式下面的文字看起来很碍眼，能不能改成空白的？系统能让空白的文件名存在吗?

WindowsXP桌面图标下总是有一些文字，绝大多数程序图标我们都相当清楚，如果能让它消失，就可以使桌面更加清爽。我找到了一个简单的方法来消除它，那就是把图标重命名为空格。当然系统是绝不会允许使用空格命名的，所以还需要有点小技巧。

第一步:确定桌面上图标下的文字背景为透明。按Win+Break键打开“系统属性”，接着在“高级”选项卡中单击性能的“设置”按钮，从视觉效果标签下选中“调整为最佳外观”或选中“自定义”，再从下面列表中选中“在桌面上为图标标签使用阴影”确定进行设置。第二步:右击桌面图标选择重命名，选择“中文-内码”输入法输入aad3，输入一个空格，回车确定，再选中其他图标，马上可以看到图标下的文字已完全消失了。按此方法可以逐一把各图标下的文字消去。当然你不熟悉的图标就不要消除文字了。

小提示

★其实还可以按住Alt键，然后在小键盘输入“0160”，这样也可以达到同样效果。

★若找不到内码输入法，可右击输入法切换图标选择“设置”，再单击“添加”按钮从“键盘布局/输入法”下拉列表中选择安装。键入编码应在aaa1- affe之间，如:abc1、abc2、abd1、abd2……，字库中在这些编码没有字符，所以虽是不同的字但都同样显示为空格，你只要不重复用同一编码命名，系统是不会抗议的。此外还要选择后面一点的编码以免调用到造字程序做的字。
回收站改名方法：

1、按<开始>键 -> 按<运行> -> 输入 regedit

2、按 ->HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE＼SOFTWARE＼Classes＼CLSID 按 -> {645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E} -> shellFolder主键。

3、左键双击右侧窗口的"Attributes"，在弹出的对话框中将键值"40 01 00 20"修改为"50 01 00 20"。

4、如果右侧窗口有“CallForAttributes” 则删除。

5、关闭"注册表修改器"，这时你的"回收站"的名字就可想怎么改就怎么改了。呵呵~ ~！（不用重启就可以看到效果偶^_^）

创建一个无名文件夹

打开命令行提示符，进入要创建文件夹的目录，比如:C:，输入“md”后，按住Alt键，再输入“255”，回车后再到C盘看看，是不是多了一个无名文件夹呢?

下图是我修改后的桌面效果

不过，如果你选择了一副漂亮的图片放在桌面上，却仍然被一些图标所阻挡着，是否会有不爽的感觉呢?

看我的桌面:

右击桌面--排列图标--取消"显示桌面图标"，

右击任务栏--工具栏--勾选"桌面"，桌面上程序名称全部控制在四个汉字以内，英文名能简写的简写，不能简写的后面的单词用~省略，只要自己知道就行~O~

在任务栏的快速启动栏放置网络连接和IE两个常用的图标，其他一概不要。

另外我的任务栏在屏幕上方，方法:右击任务栏，取消锁定任务栏，再用鼠标拖动任务栏至屏幕上方再锁定即可。

这样在开机后，我的桌面空无一物，任务栏左边只有"开始"，"网络连接"和"IE"，右边只有"桌面"，杀毒软件(总是隐藏状态)和时间。

我的开始菜单只有"所有程序"，"注消"和"关闭计算机"三个按钮，方法如下:

右击任务栏--属性--开始菜单--自定义，

1。在常规选项卡下选择小图标，开始菜单程序数目选择0并清除列表，取消在开始菜单上显示"Internet"和"电子邮件"，

2。在高级选项卡下，取消突出显示新安装的程序，在"开始菜单项目"里只勾选"启用拖放"，其他的一概不勾选或选择"不显示此项目"，取消"列出我最近打开的文档"对勾并清除列表。

提示:打开运行程序的热键--Win+R，

打开搜索程序的热键--Win+F

打开帮助和支持的热键--Win+F1

显示桌面的热键--Win+D

控制面板和其他原来在开始菜单显示的程序因为使用率不高，可从我的电脑进入。

简单明了，清爽之极的我的电脑和开始菜单打造完成。

成功从硬盘安装Windwos XP系统的要点

2008-02-20T09:49:00.002+07:00

硬盘安装XP系统，是不少朋友采用的方法。一次成功安装，是想达到确有时候不能达到的目标。笔者总结成功和失败的经历，认为做好准备工作，完成几个步骤，基本上可以一次安装成功。

一、准备工作

1、选择适合的系统版本，一般选择VOL版本或者其它可以硬盘安装的版本，验证文件MD5码正确，把文件复制到E:＼xp文件夹里面，试验在windows下可以启动系统安装程序界面，记录dos下启动安装的文件名、方法，序列号等。

2、在e盘根目录下准备smartdrv、format等一些dos软件，可能会使用。

3、C盘最好是fat32格式。新硬盘检查分区已经激活。

4、确认系统有开机进入dos的能力。（安装矮人dos之类软件；有u盘、光盘、软盘可以启动的设备和启动文件）

5、主板上尽量少安装硬件，包括内存条。（拔下可以以后安装的硬件）

6、bios默认设置

7、备份数据、设置、收藏夹等。

二、完成几个步骤

1、完成准备工作，重启，进入dos，用cd 命令确认c盘是现在的系统盘，也是准备安装系统的分区。

2、cd 进入E:＼xp ＼i386，确认启动安装的文件（winnt)存在。

3、format c: /u/s ，格式化c盘，传送系统，运行smartdrv。

4、运行winnt开始系统安装。

上面的步骤有的可能不需要，但是在安装过程出问题的时候就有用处了。

快速恢复被破坏的XP系统文件

2008-02-20T09:48:00.001+07:00

如果Windows XP的系统文件被病毒或其它原因破坏了，我们可以从Windows XP的安装盘中恢复那些被破坏的文件。

具体方法：

在Windows XP的安装盘中搜索被破坏的文件，需要注意的是，文件名的最后一个字符用底线“_”代替，例如:如果要搜索“Notepad.exe”则需要用“Notepad.ex_”来进行搜索。

搜索需要的文件

搜索到了之后，打开命令行模式(在“运行”中输入“cmd”)，然后输入:“EXPAND 源文件的完整路径目标文件的完整路径”。例如: EXPAND D:SETUPNOTEPAD.EX_ C:WindowsNOTEPAD.EXE。有一点需要注意的是，如果路径中有空格的话，那么需要把路径用双引号(英文引号)包括起来。

找到当然是最好的，但有时我们在Windows XP盘中搜索的时候找不到我们需要的文件。产生这种情况的一个原因是要找的文件是在“CAB”文件中。由于Windows XP把“CAB”当作一个文件夹，所以对于Windows XP系统来说，只需要把“CAB”文件右拖然后复制到相应目录即可。

如果使用的是其他Windows平台，搜索到包含目标文件名的“CAB”文件。然后打开命令行模式，输入:“EXTRACT /L 目标位置 CAB文件的完整路径”，例如: EXTRACT /L C:Windows D:I386Driver.cab Notepad.exe。同前面一样，如同路径中有空格的话，则需要用双引号把路径包括起来。

巧设开机密码让别人打不开您的电脑

2008-02-20T09:45:00.002+07:00

巧设开机密码

背景：不想让人打开或进入自己的电脑，方法有很多，但用得多了，破解也变得容易了。本例也有破解方法，但旨在提供思路，可能会有出奇制胜的效果。

原理：“障眼法”－－利用Choice命令（等待输入一个字符）、Echo命令（显示错误信息）达到加密目的。

编程：用记事本打开或新建Autoexec.bat，输入以下内容：

@echo off

echo non-system disk or disk error

choice /c:#/n

使用：开机时显示“non-system disk or disk error”，造成“死机”，别人看了会吓一跳。如果是自己开机，可以从容地输入“＃”（相当于开机密码，引号不要输入，下同）即可让电脑继续运行，直至进入桌面。

吓退非法来客

背景：如果认为上面例子的威力不够，可以用这个程序试试。

原理：用Echo命令显示每行80个“_”（80个下划线）再用Goto命令设置一个死循环程序，以达到“屏幕花屏”的效果。

编程：打开记事本新建C:＼windows＼winstart.bat，输入以下内容

@echo off

:abc

echo_　//“_”是英文下划线，请输入80个“_”才能达到效果。

goto abc

使用：当别人打开电脑时，会以为显示器“坏了”或有病毒了，以达到吓退非法来客的目的。暂时跟上的方法：按Ctrl+Break组合键，再按Y键。彻底解除跟上的方法：开机按F8进入DOS，把C:＼WINDOWS＼winstart.bat文件删除即可恢复。

标签：

那么费事干什么，搞的自己开个机都麻烦死，在运行里面输入：syskey，设置一个密码，简单又方便，还无法破解（在登录界面出来以前就要求输入密码，你怎么破解啊？）

克死各种病毒的绝招

2008-02-20T09:35:00.001+07:00

呵呵，如果大家使用的是windows 2000 或XP，那么教大家一招金蝉脱窍 ―― 而且只需要这一招就能克死所有病毒！！

一、对于新装的系统

如果你是新装的系统（或者是你能确认你的系统当前是无毒的），那就再好不过了，现在就立即就打开：

“开始→程序→管理工具→计算机管理→本地用户和组→用户” 吧！

首先就是把超级管理员密码更改成十位数以上，然后再建立一个用户，把它的密码也设置成十位以上并且提升为超级管理员。这样做的目的是为了双保险：如果你忘记了其中一个密码，还有使用另一个超管密码登陆来挽回的余地，免得你被拒绝于系统之外；再者就是网上的黑客无法再通过猜测你系统超管密码的方式远程获得你系统的控制权而进行破坏。接着再添加两个用户，比如用户名分别为：user1、user2；并且指定他们属于user组，好了，准备工作到这里就全部完成了，以后你除了必要的维护计算机外就不要使用超级管理员和user2登陆了。只使用user1登陆就可以了。

登陆之后上网的时候找到 IE，并为它建立一个快捷方式到桌面上，右键单击快捷方式，选择“以其他用户方式运行”点确定！要上网的时候就点这个快捷方式，它会跟你要用户名和密码这时候你就输入user2的用户名和密码！！！好了，现在你可以使用这个打开的窗口去上网了，可以随你便去放心的浏览任何恶毒的、恶意的、网站跟网页，而不必再担心中招了！因为你当前的系统活动的用户时user1。而user2是不活动的用户，我们使用这个不活动的用户去上网时，无论多聪明的网站，通过IE 得到的信息都将让它都将以为这个user2就是你当前活动的用户，如果它要在你浏览时用恶意代码对你的系统搞搞破坏的话根本就时行不通的，即使能行通，那么被修改掉的仅仅时user2的一个配置文件罢了，而很多恶意代码和病毒试图通过user2进行的破坏活动却都将失败，因为user2根本就没运行，怎么能取得系统的操作权呢？？既然取不得，也就对你无可奈何了。而他们更不可能跨越用户来操作，因为微软得配置本来就是各各用户之间是独立的，就象别人不可能跑到我家占据我睡觉用的床一样，它们无法占据user1的位置！所以你只要能保证总是以这个user2 用户做代理来上网（但却不要使用user2来登陆系统，因为如果那样的话，如果user2以前中过什么网页病毒，那么在user2登陆的同时，他们极有可能被激活！），那么无论你中多少网页病毒，全部都将是无法运行或被你当前的user1用户加载的，所以你当前的系统将永远无毒！

二、对于已经中毒的机器

不过总有疏忽的时候，一个不小心中毒了怎么办？？

不用担心，现在我们就可以来尽情的表演脱壳的技术了！

开始金蝉脱壳：

重新启动计算机，使用超级管理员登陆――进入系统后什么程序都不要运行

你会惊奇的发现在的系统竟然表现的完全无毒！！，那就再好不过了，现在就立即就打开：

“开始→程序→管理工具→计算机管理→本地用户和组→用户” 吧！

把里面的user1和user2两个用户权删掉吧，你只需要这么轻轻的一删就可以了，那么以前随着这两个用户而存在的病毒也就跟随着这两个用户的消失而一起去长眠了――（好象是陪葬，呵呵！）。这么做过之后我保证你的win2k就象新装的一个样，任何系统文件和系统进程里都完全是没有病毒的！

好！现在再重复开始的步骤从新建立user1和user2两个用户，让他们复活吧。他们复活是复活了，但是曾跟随了他们的病毒却是没这机会了，因为 win2k 重新建立用户的时候会重新分配给他们全新的配置，而这个配置是全新的也是不可能包含病毒的！！！建立完成之后立即注销超级管理员，转如使用user1登陆，继续你象做的事吧，你会发现你的系统如同全新了！以上方法可以周而复始的用．

三、锦上添花的做法

经过上面的操作，再加上经常的去打微软的补丁，几乎可以永远保证你的操作系统是无毒状态！只要你能遵循以下几条规辙：

1、任何时间都不以超级管理员的身份登陆系统――除非你要进行系统级更新和维护、需要使用超级管理员身份的时候或是你需要添加和删除用户的时候。

2、必须使用超级管理员登陆的时候，保证不使用和运行任何除了操作系统自带的工具和程序之外的任何东西，而且所有维护都只通过开始菜单里的选项来完成，甚至连使用资源管理器去浏览硬盘都不！只做做用户和系统的管理和维护就立即退出，而决不多做逗留！（这也是微软的要求，微软最了解自己的东东，他的建议是正确的。浏览硬盘的事，在其他用户身份下你有大把的机会，在超级管理员的身份下还是不要了！！这应该事能完全作到的）。

上面的都作到了，那么排除了硬件和误操作原因、、病毒跟系统瘫痪都将与你无缘了。

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